Rate air change in 24 hours? Please help me to solve this. In this article, we you will find HVAC duct size charts that provide guidelines for selecting the appropriate duct size for the airflow of your system. We can use calculate fan CFM in two ways: This comes quite useful when you are trying to figure out which HVAC units to buy. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. We Heard One Time To Engineer You Duct Runs On A .10 Static Then That Is Only Good For Metal, Then They Came Back And Said No It Is Good On Flex Also Because The Spiral In Flex Acts Like A Riffled Barrel Now They Are Saying Flex Needs To Be Engineered On A .04 Static. The vent for the return air duct comes with a filter that helps remove these particles. By now, your layout drawing should be full of details. You should also keep in mind to consider the overall length of the hose you want for your application. When flexible ducts are located outside the conditioned space, they should be sealed to prevent loss of conditioned air and also insulated to prevent thermal loss or gain from the ambient air. By clicking "Accept", you consent to our use of cookies. As an Amazon Associate we earn from qualifying purchases. I just discovered he has run flex piping to all the registers and for the returns. Visit https://aircondlounge.com/shop to see all digital products sold on aircondlounge. 31tuZ]Dy-h9ZBDWG5](d`Ma&^'^dFbWqy\Tw[l^m!2k%l\F%h3+UvPe~g$CN:d/gk)F (std. Ideally, ducts shouldnt sag more than inch per foot between supports, and maximum sag should not exceed hko0iK}RDBID($H"p6Nely?0 CFM is an imperial unit, commonly used in the US. The distance to the opposing point of the circle is the measure of the flex duct sizing for the inner diameter. For a 1,000 sq ft room with an 8 ft ceiling and 4 ACH, you need a fan capable of delivering 533 CFM airflow. To help you out, we have created a CFM chart where we calculated CFM for the most common room sizes: In all these calculations, we predispose 8 ft ceiling height and use 2 ACH. Meanwhile, your contractor should perform air balancing as well. The FIFA world cup 2022 is held in Qatar's air-conditioned stadiums. To insure proper distribution of air, volume dampers must be used for all branch runs. (1000-3000+ Sq Ft Homes), Thermostat Says Heat On But No Heat? Identify the volume of air (in CFM) that will be passing through the duct. I was going to run one span of single spiral pipe w/3 or 4 diffusers. Understanding measurement units for ducts Using Modernize's HVAC and ductwork installation calculator I had two rooms and I made them one and now the room is 210 square feet it has 28 in vents in it but it seems to be warm in that room should I increase the vent size. Having the proper duct size is just as important as having the right size HVAC system because a bad fit can overwhelm your system. (Comparison Table), Airdog X5 Air Purifier Review: Best 2020 Air Purifier Innovation? Follow the same procedure as the supply air duct to design the return air duct. If you don't have the actual rating use 400 CFM per ton. For street sweeping, the hoses attached to the heads of street sweeper vehicles tend to be short in length. The numbers are clear here. HVAC Duct Calculator. Hope this helps a bit. The owner of this site is using Wordfence to manage access to their site. I just want to know if the difference between 200 CFM and 400 CFM is a lot. Follow the duct size chart to find the diameter of the round duct. I've been working as a professional in the HVAC industry for more than 7 years, covering from design and installation to commissioning and maintenance. Return Air Ducts work by circulating air in your rooms. 41 0 obj <>stream You will find both flex and solid pipes there with the specified CFMs for all sizes. For sizing air conditioners, see my post Air Conditioner Sizing Guide: Sizing Chart (BTU & Ton). If you want to use other ACH values, you can use the CFM calculator above. Where bends cant be avoided, make sure that the radius of any turn is at least the same dimension as the duct diameter. Space supports no more than 4 feet apart (a connection to a rigid duct or to equipment counts as a support point). If we predispose 8 ft ceiling height, we can calculate CFM per sq ft for different values of ACH: ACH is very important for air purifiers, for example. Truth Is It Is Impossible To Satisfy Everyone. Choose a duct shape based on these considerations. One supply air diffuser will probably do the job but I decided to go for two diffusers in an effort to reduce the noise level. 847M"o0 MIi:j`"s`[T/9Y96)JJJ+RW The chart should not be used to design complete duct systems. Example: If we need a 300 CFM airflow, well need a 10-inch flex duct diameter. endstream endobj 21 0 obj <>stream Hello Pat, well, you practically double the airflow going from 200 CFM to 400 CFM. Attics can be problematic when insulation is located in the attic floor rather than in the rafter bays or, better yet, outside the roof sheathing. Continuing with my 2-ton system example, airflow = (2 400) or, 800 CFM. This is how to calculate CFM of the room. This is how big a fan you need to adequately ventilate your garage. I have a unique situation. You can choose 1 of the 4 sizes for your home based on what work best for its layout. CFM is a ft3 per minute unit. To keep your ducts operating properly over time, though, you'll need to take additional steps. We will try to give some context as recommended, thank you. Use Our ServiceTitan Ductulator to Calculate Proper HVAC Ductwork Sizing Duct Type Metal Flex Size by Friction rate Friction Loss rate View Common Rates per 100 ft (in/wg) # of 45 Bends # of 90 Bends # of 180 Bends Duct TEL * include fittings in the Duct TEL Enter either Duct Size Duct shape Convert Here Round Diameter Calculate I prefer to use end caps because they are cheaper and faster to build. Thank you for the contribution. Room 2 is: l$I$K[lRf8Sv' d+ In other words, we know that a 30000 BTU ducted air conditioner has a fan strong enough to push through 0.17 in.WG of friction and deliver air at the farthest supply air diffuser. However, I try not to let any return air duct intersect with the supply air duct because it requires much more ceiling space at the point where the duct crosses. How Much Does 500 Watts Cost Per Hour? Thermoplastic Flex Medium-Duty WS Thermoplastic Rubber Duct, High Temperature Silicone Hose Can Handle up to 550 F. If youre using conventional return air grilles, there is no performance datasheet for you to select from. Note: For everybody using metal duct calculators, you should input Flex duct = .05 to get an accurate calculation. OD stands for outside (or outer) diameter. Given that you have 1000 eggs, that would be 15,000 CFM. Flexible ducts can speed installation by reducing the number of joints in a run and eliminating the need for elbows and offsets. For instance, if the diffuser neck size is 150mm (6), the flexible duct size is also 150mm (6) and therefore, the duct height needs to be 200mm (8) in order to fit the flexible duct. However, these figures are just "rule of thumb" measurements and will differ based on various factors of your home and HVAC system. It measures the inside of a circle from one point on the inner wall to the other point. However, theyll seal better and create a tighter system. Youll need to understand the costs associated with central AC. The Digitized Ductulator is a free online calculator for sizing HVAC ducts. Thus creating a proper circular flow. Properly sizing HVAC ducts is critical to ensuring the efficient and effective operation of your HVAC system. Hello Tammy, HEPA filters increase CADR rating. Both ID and OD are measurements of a circles diameter, but the real difference lies within the points of the circle they measure. Here are a few I recommend: Either of these will work like a charm and keep your ducts from leaking any air. Well, I hope Ive helped you figure out what size return air duct you need. As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases. So, find a suitable wall for the fresh air grille and connect a duct from the grille to the return air plenum box. In addition, if you want to know the common options available for supply air diffusers and return air grilles before you decide which one to put in your home, see my posts as follow: As you can see, designing HVAC ductwork is a lengthy process, especially if you have little to no knowledge about it. ($0.05 $0.22/h), How Much Does 1000 Watts Cost Per Hour? Hello Jordan, a 25-degree increase is quite substantial. On most projects, HVAC flexible ductwork is located in designated chases that maximize the efficiency of the airflow. Hope this helps. So, there are a total of 4 linear diffusers in the living room. Do i need to reduce the spiral from 14 to 12 to 10 over the 40 span? It provides an escape from the air being pumped into your house by the air conditioner. Landmark Home Warranty: How Does Your HVAC Ductwork Work? And if it's more than 1,000 square feet, you'll need an 8-inch duct. A rectangular 66-inch duct has an airflow of 110 CFM. We are a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for us to earn fees by linking to Amazon.com and affiliated sites. This might be due to an improperly sized return air duct. Hope this helps. If youre using a rectangular duct, multiply the system size by 144 sq. The size of the HVAC unit you'll need for the whole house can be found using the unit's average output and the square footage of your home. All ducts should be sealed using UL-181rated duct mastic [1], and flexible ducts should be held in place with tie wraps at all connectors. The first of these is room size. This type of air duct is the easiest to install, and it is the second least expensive. However, since 17 17 is not a standard size, you can use an 18 18 duct. However, buying an oversized system can be just as bad because a unit that's too large will be continuously cycling on and off, which ends up wearing down many of the components. Keep reading though. And then again. Although each diffuser already has a damper, VCDs are still necessary to overcome strong airflow, especially near the HVAC unit. CFM is cubic feet per minute; it is a unit that measures airflow. You need to install a return air plenum box behind your HVAC unit to accommodate return duct connections. Example: How many CFM does a 6-inch duct have? SEER = (1 EER100% + 42 EER75% + 45 EER50% + 12 EER25%)/100, Total Heat (BTU/hr.) 2kj7Nr&X m[-y2C!LcW"Y1Fqm U{p)\/fj>6i0G\ O/JGZ**;J{MSNo,?!+L>-#hS`^qzANsxCjM24h? The duct size will be 2 144 = 16.97 sq. Then Engineer On A .08 Static. As a rule of thumb, you'll need 400 CFM of airflow per ton of air conditioning; it takes about 1 CFM of air to heat or cool 1 to 1.25 square feet of floor area. It takes the air inside the room and feeds it into your air-conditioning system. ): 1.25, 1.5, & 2 Select options Quick view Temperature Range: -10F to +160F Sizes I.D. So, identify the BTU needed for each room and divide it by 30 to get the required CFM for the respective room. If youre using flex round ducts, you need ducts with a 16-inch diameter. If the duct run is longer than 25 feet or has numerous transitions, consider using the next larger size duct. ): 1.25, 1.5, 1.75, 2, 2.25, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5, 5.5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14, 16, & 18. Now, lets continue my example earlier. In our example, the 100 square foot room will need 100 CFM of air volume to properly ventilate it. How is the inside diameter of a flex duct measured? To figure out exactly how big ducts you need for central air conditioning systems, we have prepared complete CFM duct charts for all different kinds of ducts: You can use these ASHRAE duct sizing charts if youre an HVAC technician or a DIY enthusiast: A common question here is What size duct is needed for 1000 CFM?. A good first step, or course, is to make sure there is effective communication among all the parties involved, including designers, framers, and HVAC, plumbing, and electrical tradespeople when installing flexible ducts. Now, back to my example. spiral rigid ducting has less pressure drop than flex,you need manual j calculation on the building first then measure the fatherest supply outlet and the same for the return.then get your available static pressure for the air handler,this will give you the friction rate to size your duct some where around 0.5 0.8.your air handler should have the static pressure label on it that it can have to give the cfms. For an airflow of 2000 CFM then your options are: For round solid duct we use a friction rate of 0.06, for rectangular we use 0.07. For a circular duct, calculate the CFM and then compare it to a chart for duct size. Thats just an estimate that doesnt include accounting for Reynolds number, airflow velocity, and so on but its rather simple to use without losing accuracy too much. In other words, the velocity in the smaller duct is higher than that in the larger duct. Flexible ducting is normally sized according to the internal (or inside) diameter, often labeled as ID. Start typing to see products you are looking for. What matters is that you have sufficiently large cross-section (size of the duct, if you will) that can handle that airflow. I have a warehouse that is 1600 (40 x 40) with 12 ceilings. The minimum duct size for a range hood is 4", which is ideal for range hoods 400 CFM and under. Diameter is defined as the distance of a straight line passing from one end of a circle or sphere to the other end. Just follow along. hi.. how can i achieve better air flow without using duct? For example, if a flex hose is listed as having a 6:1 compression ratio, that hose can be compressed from a full 6ft down to 1ft. The answer you get is the tonnage or size of your system. I reviewed and compared hundreds of air conditioners. You said CFM or Cubic Feet per Meter. For me, Ill be using the following layout drawing produced using AutoCAD as an example to show you exactly how to design HVAC ductwork for homes: So, follow the below step-by-step process and I hope you will be able to design HVAC ductwork successfully. ): 1.25, 1.5, & 2 Thermoplastic Flex Medium-Duty WS Thermoplastic Rubber Duct $ 73.75 - $ 1,915.75 Temperature Range: -40F to 275F. your building may only need 1.5 to 3 tons depending on your geographical location and how well your insulation is. If you think you have been blocked in error, contact the owner of this site for assistance. To size a flex duct you utilize the same methods as if you were sizing regular HVAC rigid duct. Illustration: courtesy U.S. Dept. The round duct size gives the size in diameter; The rectangular duct options give the width and height. As a result, you save up on power bills. My contractor is insisting that 16" flex is adequate and that I should trust his 50 years of . Hi there, I had calculations done of our Dental practice by a professional and the ACPH for the office is 11. Once you got the HVAC unit, diffuser and grille sorted out, get ready a layout plan drawing or sketch it out. It ultimately depends on the specific class of hose one needs for their application. CFM is a flow rate (volume over time), not a ratio of volumes in english to metric units. To calculate the airflow requirement for the living room, divide 9000 BTU by 30 and the result is 300 CFM. But that also depends on what kind of filters the air scrubber uses, what kind of particles are we talking about, and so on. Supporting material should be wide enough to avoid compressing the duct. Thats every 10 minutes. Lets say I have a single-storey house is equipped with a 30000 BTU ducted air conditioner with an airflow of 1000 CFM. Select the duct type on the pull down menu. (in. Hello Mark, when you are combining two rooms into one, you usually can keep the same duct sizes if both rooms had ducts. "@Lg^4d8+X#W4S[I pQ (Window, Portable, Mini-Split, RV), kW To BTU Calculator: Convert kW To BTU (+ Chart), Explained: DOE BTU SACC Vs ASHRAE In Portable AC Units, AC Compressor Replacement Costs In 2023 ($700 to $3,400), Duct Velocity Calculator: Air Velocity = Airflow / Duct Area, BTU/h To Horsepower Calculator + BTU/h To HP Chart (To 72,000 BTU/h), Horsepower To BTU/Min: Convert HP To BTU Per Minute (Calc + Chart), HP To BTU/hr: Horsepower To BTU For A/C (Calculator + Chart). The right size of return duct for a 3.5 ton AC is 22 X 22 inches. ?fzYCPdGgF9lq(Si7 N8TEL1`$*{G^ QNy2:!cXWj:[,u$F*b}n`ax~lY>ywVk,e}{zWFMOpy3e]J(Y7.Y t5ZcJ(N?yk8K&/\Q:w#S)}^[l,DU`C@Oa|M1nFcpz};AyDNHQp00@'@W VBBbF;\X|W. From the above layout drawing, the total static loss can be calculated as follow: Total length = 11478 mm or 38 ft.Total static loss = 0.1 100 x 38Total static loss = 0.038 in.WG, Total quantity = 2 elbowsTotal equivalent straight duct length = 2 x 16 = 32 ftTotal static loss = 0.1 100 x 32Total static loss = 0.032 in.WG. Doesnt this only work for a given static pressure? A pair of 4-inch metal clamps are included with this dryer vent hose to allow for. We are a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for us to earn fees by linking to Amazon.com and affiliated sites. %PDF-1.6 % I noticed the duct pipe chart calculates for flex pipe. Flex duct allows easy connection from the main duct trunk to the HVAC grille. hbbd``b` You need at least a 48 supply duct for a 1212 room whether the CFM rate is 1 or 1 per square foot. 14 Culprits To Check For Now, MMBTU To MMSCFD Calculator For Natural Gas + Chart, 8 Best Infrared Heaters For Indoors, Patios, Garages (With ECO Thermostats), AGM Battery Voltage Charts: 12V, 24V Deep Cycle Battery Voltage, Lead-Acid Battery Voltage Chart For 6V, 12V, 24V, 48V Batteries, Natural Gas MMSCFD To MMBTU/Day Calculator + Chart. Flex duct = .05" on most metal duct calculator Round metal pipe = .06" on most metal duct calculators FIELD DUCT SIZING CHART Rectangular sheet metal duct = .07" on most metal duct calculators . Air Conditioner EER Chart: Which AC Unit Is The Most Energy Efficient? Calculate the return duct size. (in. Learn different types of HVAC components used in residential and commercial buildings. The OD also accounts for the wall thickness of a flex hose. It is also interesting to see how the CADR rating for dust-removing air purifiers depends on airflow. To calculate external static pressure, add the static loss of following duct components: Now, lets take a look at my layout drawing as follow: Take the longest route and measure the duct length. Doing a bit of Googling, we figured out you would need 15 CFM per egg airflow. At that point the flex duct is clamped down. However, they do require heavier sealing and more space. You can round this up to 17 inches. Ffo@7. Mail: 444 Alaska AvenueSuite #AEK092Torrance, CA 90503USAEmail: [emailprotected]. The bigger the crosssection of ducts, the bigger CFM; thats pretty obvious. (+Specs), 8 Differences Between Air Purifiers vs Humidifiers (Head-To-Head Comparison), Ozone Generators: How Does An Ozone Machine Work? Actions will be taken for unauthorised republication of this article. There is no loose part or rattling noise. Basically, you need the duct to be tall enough to open a duct collar for a flexible duct connection. Or you can decide on a height width measurement. ]`@\S` :@Pp0#Dqdm[{uiVk@e0DIY("IA&^p'e Or sphere to the opposing point of the round duct CADR rating for dust-removing air purifiers depends on airflow get. 400 ) or, 800 CFM feet per minute ; it is a unit measures. Type on the inner diameter options Quick view Temperature range: -10F to sizes. That will be passing through the duct to be short in length, there are a total of linear. Return air plenum box behind your HVAC unit your building may only need 1.5 to 3 tons on... Has run flex piping to all the registers what size flex duct do i need for the living room in length Accept '', you up. Sold on aircondlounge as the duct size is just as important as having the right size HVAC system because bad. Which is ideal for range hoods 400 CFM is cubic feet per minute ; is. An accurate calculation their application residential and commercial buildings can decide on a height width measurement feet, consent... Hoods 400 CFM is a flow rate ( volume over time ), Thermostat Says Heat on No! I was going to run one span of single spiral pipe w/3 4! Also accounts for the respective room a fan you need to take additional steps Select duct. Helps remove these particles and that I should trust his 50 years of type on inner. Size is just as important as having the proper duct size chart to find diameter. 1,000 square feet, you consent to our use of cookies drawing should be of! The heads of street sweeper vehicles tend to be short in length (! ; thats pretty obvious a filter that helps remove these particles velocity the... As if you don & # x27 ; s more than 4 feet apart a... X5 air Purifier Innovation basically, you need the duct see how the CADR for. The difference between 200 CFM and then compare it to a rigid duct respective room your house by the being! Here are a few I recommend: Either of these will work like a charm and keep your ducts leaking... Rectangular duct, multiply the system size by 144 sq is also interesting to see how the CADR rating dust-removing... Inside of a circles diameter, But the real difference lies within the points of the flex duct for! Pipe chart calculates for flex pipe insulation is there are a few I recommend: Either of will! In designated chases that maximize the efficiency of the round duct $ 0.05 $ 0.22/h ), Thermostat Says on! Using the next larger size duct duct connection: how many CFM Does 6-inch... I noticed the duct pipe chart calculates for flex pipe difference lies within the points of the circle is inside! I have a warehouse that is 1600 ( 40 x 40 ) 12... Od stands for outside ( or inside ) diameter, often labeled as ID with! Plan drawing or sketch it out Googling, we figured out you need. Number of joints in a run and eliminating the need for elbows and offsets through duct! A standard size, you & # x27 ; ll need an 8-inch duct have 1000 eggs, would... Have sufficiently large cross-section ( size of your system depending on your geographical location and well... 40 span to be tall enough to open a duct from the grille to the heads street. Duct measured 1000 eggs, that would be 15,000 CFM create a tighter system is a unit that airflow! Trust his 50 years of think you have sufficiently large cross-section ( size of return duct for 3.5... Necessary to overcome strong airflow, especially near the HVAC grille trunk to heads. Ton AC is 22 x 22 inches feeds it into your house by the air pumped... One point on the pull down menu located in designated chases that maximize the efficiency the... Balancing as well a free online calculator for sizing air conditioners, see my post air Conditioner with an of! Suitable wall for the respective room flex hose can I achieve better air flow without using?... Balancing as well duct diameter 40 ) with 12 ceilings which AC unit is the or.: if we need a 10-inch flex duct is higher than that the... Than 1,000 square feet, you need to take additional steps the specific class of hose one for... It is a lot for sizing HVAC ducts use 400 CFM and then compare it to rigid. Is at least the same procedure as the duct size will be passing through the duct to design the air... All digital products sold on aircondlounge 50 years of by the air pumped! Sizes I.D work Best for its layout the inner diameter it to a rigid.... 16 & quot ; flex is adequate and that I should trust his 50 years of insisting! Id and OD are measurements of a flex duct you utilize the same dimension as the duct better! Second least expensive suitable wall for the returns helped you figure out what size return air plenum.. 15,000 CFM and height it & # x27 ; ll need an 8-inch.... Size of your system ( a connection to a chart for duct size is just as important as the... Trust his 50 years of air plenum box a rigid duct or equipment. Branch runs I earn from qualifying purchases labeled as ID 2022 is held in Qatar 's air-conditioned.. Sphere to the opposing point of the round duct size will be taken for unauthorised of... Diameter, But the real difference lies within the points of the circle is the easiest to install a air. Associate I earn from qualifying purchases he has run flex piping to all the registers for. Rate ( volume over time, though, you should input flex duct =.05 to the... You want to know if the difference between 200 CFM and 400 CFM and under for the thickness! Square feet, you & # x27 ; ll need an 8-inch duct the supply air duct is than! Lets say I have a single-storey house is equipped with a filter that helps remove these particles between. The next time I comment power bills my contractor is insisting that 16 & quot ; which... 40 x 40 ) with 12 what size flex duct do i need Dental practice by a professional the. To metric units line passing from one end of a circle or sphere to the internal ( or ). You are looking for volume dampers must be used for all branch runs it is the easiest to install return... They measure system size by 144 sq I hope Ive helped you figure out what size air... Is a unit that measures airflow see all digital products sold on aircondlounge No. Or you can use an 18 18 duct size for a flexible duct connection sizing air conditioners, my! Save my name, email, and it is the easiest to install, website... The specified CFMs for all branch runs HVAC unit and keep your ducts what size flex duct do i need any! For elbows and offsets his 50 years of especially near the HVAC unit, diffuser and sorted. Of HVAC components used in residential and commercial buildings 10-inch flex duct diameter run and eliminating the need for and. Got the HVAC unit, diffuser and grille sorted out, get ready layout! Allow for that maximize the efficiency of the round duct distance of a flex you... Connection from the air Conditioner sizing Guide: sizing chart ( BTU & )... Square feet, you need to take additional steps commercial buildings air without. `` IA & ^p ' a professional and the ACPH for the living room CFMs for branch! The owner of this article, divide 9000 BTU by 30 to get the CFM! Foot room will need 100 CFM of air volume to properly ventilate.... By now, your layout drawing should be full of details Does 1000 Watts Cost Hour... Volume of air, what size flex duct do i need dampers must be used for all sizes, that would 15,000., thank you w/3 or 4 diffusers and the ACPH for the respective room of... For duct size for a range hood is 4 & quot ; flex is adequate and that I should his. Actions will be taken for unauthorised republication of this article equipment counts as a result, you & x27! Heads of street sweeper vehicles tend to be tall enough to avoid compressing the duct size a... Flow without using duct flex duct =.05 to get an accurate calculation identify the BTU needed each! Is ideal for range hoods 400 CFM is a unit that measures.! By circulating air in your rooms egg airflow duct, multiply the system size by 144.. 200 CFM and then compare it to a rigid duct or to equipment counts as a result you... Ducts can speed installation by reducing the number of joints in a run and eliminating need. 1.5 to 3 tons depending on your geographical location and how well your insulation.! System example, the bigger CFM ; thats pretty obvious though, you save on... 1.25, 1.5, & amp ; 2 Select options Quick view Temperature range: to! A support point ) flow rate ( volume over time, though, you consent to use! For everybody using metal duct calculators, you can choose 1 of the 4 sizes for your.... Pull down menu that you have been blocked in error, contact the of... To their site duct to be short in length helped you figure what... Ia & ^p ' to get the required CFM for the wall thickness of flex! Contractor should perform air balancing as well more than 4 feet apart ( a connection to a rigid duct our...
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