Power abuse may be found in practically every branch of the federal government. K= 7 ppt/slides/_rels/slide8.xml.rels The process of developing visionary leadership can be challenging, but however, it can be overcome by using institutions of the Nigerian constitution as a nursery ground to produce leaders with national outlook and with a missionary zeal to transform the nation. , 8 [Content_Types].xml ( n0'"Nn"RCpmXy$ Nigeria has lost large numbers of lives in the Northern region since 2009 to the insurgency of this infamous sect, Boko Haram which has been ravaging the northern region of the country. No planning is involved and no tools and resources are collected that are required to resolve issues as such issues occur unexpectedly. 21. The porosity of Nigerias borders has serious security implications for the country. The constitutional powers to declare a state of emergency rests with the president. Instead, a coordinated preventive measure is necessary for addition to military strategies and judicial institutions. Nigeria once Africas largest economy continues its downward trend due to coronavirus issues, Banditry, Endsars, and other security vices. Nigeria runs a federal system a situation where the federating units are expected to enjoy autonomy. Nigerias annual inflation rate rose to 11.23 percent in August 2018, up from 11.14 percent in July, which was higher than the markets forecast of 11.11 percent. The government officials tasked with combating corruption are unconcerned about what is expected of them. Security and development are also related in the sense that being a public good, the imperative to maintain security competes with other public goods such as education, health, and infrastructure for public funds. He opined that government at all levels has not done enough by not confronting frontally the situation head-on and dealing with it decisively, others have argued that the situation has a political undertone or inclination calculated to serve the interest of certain political gods, who have been dissatisfied and disgruntled about the political manifestations in the country. There is also the need to modernize the security agencies with training, intelligence sharing, advanced technology, logistics, motivation, and change of orientation. Nigeria is currently experiencing this situation in many parts of the country especially in the terrorist fields of the northern part of Nigeria. Nigeria ratified the Siracusa Principles. He spoke on the topic: Security Challenges in Nigeria and the Implications for Business Activities and Sustainable Development. News May 22, 2013 Nigeria: State of emergency must not lead to more human rights abuses. k Q _rels/.rels ( J1mizY`Hfn2$ooDjc&0OScj0\c-;0Y)xb`Gk)WQ8.SBzM]bf4{o! (| ;v!xI*hFgV.&>8'-?6"8W[ PK ! One of the general principles is that any decision about an emergency must be done in good faith. The spread of illness is aided by improperly dumped waste. What are the development issues in Nigeria? 0]&AD 8>\`\fx_?W ^a-+Mwj3zCa"C\W0#]dQ^)6=2De4b.eTD*}LqAHmc0|xp.8g.,),Zm> PK ! Higher costs in the long run as problems are likely to recur without addressing root cause, Difficulty in predicting when and how often incidents will occur, Increased risk of system failures and customer dissatisfaction, Lack of proactive identification and resolution of potential problems, Difficulty in identifying the root cause of the problem which leads to recurrence of the problem, Lack of time for thorough testing and validation of the solution, Additional stress on the maintenance team and possibly overtime costs. The countrys annual profits have decreased, significantly impacting the countrys population. Government must not only continue to engage the security personnel, but it must also, more than ever before, recognize the need to devote more attention to security intelligence, capacity building to meet the global best practice standard, and acquisition of modern technology. Searches can be conducted without a warrant, suspects can be arrested and detained without being charged, special laws can be enacted to punish those who flout the emergency rules, quasi-judicial bodies can be set up to try offenders, rights to lawful assembly and freedom of expression and communication can be restricted, the Nigerian government can decide to take over the executive and legislative functions of the affected state, destruction and confiscation of private property without compensation to the victims. Inconsistent economic policies: In Nigeria, every Government comes into office in with their own economic policies which often differ from the policies of the previous administration, hence the previous policies suffer fatally from poor implementation because before it is fully implemented to produce maximum result in our economy, the tenure of the initiator will elapse, and the policies will not be implemented further by the proceeding administration, so therefore resulting in a situation of an ever changing and poorly implemented economic policies which does no good to the growth of our economy. The argument for this is that such leaders will help to mold the contending ethnic and religious groups into harmony and help to remove the perceived mutual distrust among them. Roads are in disrepair due to corruption and misappropriation of public monies Only 67 percent of paved roads and 33 percent of unpaved roads were in good or fair condition in 2011, according to the World Bank. 4 Anambra State - Awka. The possibility of federal government taking over the affairs of the state explains why no state governor has ever requested the president to proclaim a state of emergency in their state. Nigeria is a third-world country year after year due to this issue. Inequality: This is due to the governments and its agencies apparent favoring of people or regions belonging to one tribe over another. A paper presented by Director Panning Research and Forecasting, NEMA, to participants of the National War College Course 13, at the . The state of national emergency ended on 13 May 2020 at 12:21pm and was replaced by a National Transition Period. Recommended: Richest Musicians In Nigeria currently. j. The underlying principle of good governance is the focus on people as the ultimate objective of governance. These factors have been classified or grouped into external and internal factors. According to Amnesty International, hundreds of oil leaks occur each year in Nigerias Niger Delta, owing to pipe degradation, sabotage, and carelessness on the part of oil firms. 11. c. All tribes and areas should be treated equally by the government. Chris Aluta, GMD, Protection plus Services Limited made this assertion while speaking on the topic Security Challenges in Nigeria and the Implications for Business Activities and Sustainable Development said that Security, however, can be described as stability and continuity of livelihood (stable and steady income), predictability of daily life (knowing what to expect), protection from crime (feeling safe), and freedom from psychological harm (safety or protection from emotional stress which results from the assurance of knowing that one is wanted, accepted, loved and protected in ones community or neighborhood and by people around. This negativity is one of the main reasons for crime among Nigerian youth; they turn to illegal activities since they have nothing better to do with their time or money. Methods: descriptive cross-sectional study design was employed to assess availability of each of the aforementioned subgroups of resuscitation devices and drugs, in each primary and secondary healthcare facility in all eighteen (18) Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Cross River State, in Southern Nigeria. Lastly, state insurance departments assist in making insurance available to consumers. Also see: Advantages and Disadvantages of the Internet. Therefore, the government, civil society groups, business organizations,s, and individuals must fight insecurity so as to create an enabling environment where business organizations will feel free and secured to achieve their full potentials and the country will itself be safe to achieve sustainable development. They prefer blanket references, with the consideration that the causes of insecurity are interwoven and contributory to one another. Infrastructure: Following other issues such as Boko Haram, infrastructure may appear to be a minor concern, but how can a country advance without a steady power supply? The government can abuse the emergency powers. In addition, the GDP has decreased during the last few months. In the latest violence, 53 people were killed and 13. Domestic output suffers as a result of these conditions, but frequent power outages also make it impossible for many international enterprises to do business in Nigeria. Nigeria - a multiethnic nation of more than 160 million people - is also affected by a spate of conflicts over land, religion and oil. Education in Nigeria is a major challenge. The powers to declare a state of emergency is contained in section 305 of the 1999 constitution (as amended). The FCT Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) has responded to several emergencies within the Corruption has been a big issue in Nigeria for quite some time. I what to know the genesis of thi Below are 10 causes of insurgencies in Nigeria. State governments work with insurers to offer programs that can provide insurance for these individuals. Nigeria reported the country's . The bomb explosions initiated by this group have been on the increase leading to enormous loss of life and property and a general atmosphere of fear and social tension in the country. Welcome to the Education in Emergencies Working Group Nigeria (EiEWGN) Website. In fact, dictators around the world abuse emergency rule. Quantitative data was obtained using . According to studies, the most effective approach to terrorism is effective security and dialogue with terrorists to tackle issues related to the source of terrorism, and the government must prioritize the benefits of the people. acknowledge that you have read and understood our, Data Structure & Algorithm Classes (Live), Data Structure & Algorithm-Self Paced(C++/JAVA), Android App Development with Kotlin(Live), Full Stack Development with React & Node JS(Live), GATE CS Original Papers and Official Keys, ISRO CS Original Papers and Official Keys, ISRO CS Syllabus for Scientist/Engineer Exam, Differences between Black Box Testing vs White Box Testing, Software Engineering | Coupling and Cohesion, Functional vs Non Functional Requirements, Differences between Verification and Validation, Software Engineering | Classical Waterfall Model, Software Engineering | Requirements Engineering Process, Software Requirement Specification (SRS) Format, Software Engineering | Architectural Design, Difference between Alpha and Beta Testing, Software Engineering | Iterative Waterfall Model, Software Engineering | Introduction to Software Engineering, Difference between Spring and Spring Boot, Software Engineering | Quality Characteristics of a good SRS, Difference between High Level Design and Low Level Design, Class Diagram for Library Management System, Software Engineering | Requirements Elicitation, Software Engineering | Software Characteristics, Software Engineering | Seven Principles of software testing. Apart from the outright closure of a business enterprise, an existing business can also be affected in the four functional areas of business shown below such as production, marketing, finance, and human resource (H/R). 7. This definition reflects physical insecurity which is the most visible form of insecurity, and it feeds into many other forms of insecurity such as economic security and social security. Similarly, in software engineering, there are certain situations that require immediate actions. It is the bane of our society. Nigerian President Goodluck Jonathan has declared a state of emergency in three states after a series of deadly attacks by Islamist militant groups. But in Nigeria, The federal government controls about 80 percent of the resources in the country, leaving the state and local government at its mercy. According to Chris Aluta, insecurity is defined as the state of fear or anxiety, stemming from a concrete or alleged lack of protection. It refers to a lack of or inadequate freedom from danger. Malpractices and a lack of preparation Test malpractices have been identified by education experts, with poor examination preparation by pupils being another setback in the educational system. Failure of successive administrations in Nigeria to address challenges of poverty, unemployment, and inequitable distribution of wealth among ethnic nationalities is one of the major causes of insecurity in the country. Top among these are the widespread corruption, overpopulation in schools, few market-relevant courses, and general unaffordability of a good education. Abrupt braking. This is an internationally recognised set of rules which set out limits to restrictions on rights during emergencies. Attending school provides you with extra information, allowing you to become an educated tailor, baker, or shoemaker, for example. They were pupils of Government Secondary School in Chibok, Nigerias Borno State. The essence of this provision is to enable the president to . The administration has also pledged an equitable transfer of wealth to the people, which should be implemented. This is manifested by the incapacity of the government to deliver public services and to provide basic needs for the masses. The Conversation Africas Ogechi Ekeanyanwu asked political science lecturer Uchenna Simeon to explain the circumstances under which a state of emergency can be declared. Nigeria is the largest black nation in the world, with a current population estimated to be over 200 million. Sub-sections 1 and 2 provides that the president may by instrument published in the . Emergency maintenance does not increase lifetime of equipment. f. The educational sector should receive enough funding. A State of Emergency, according to state law, can be declared during a situation or imminent threat of widespread or severe damage, injury or loss of life or property, resulting from a natural or man-made cause. Recommended: Causes, Effects and Solutions to Brain Drain in Nigeria. This perception stems from the perception of marginalization by a section of the people, government development policies, and political offices and this has become a primary source of disaffection and resentment. In many cases, security personnel assigned to deal with given security situations lack the expertise and equipment to handle the situations in a way to prevents them from occurring. In addition, insecurity destroys existing infrastructure and also prevents an environment for the development of further infrastructure; and a safe environment for economic activities by individuals to give them economic empowerment that will enable households not only to cater for their present generations but also to provide for future generations. In Nigeria, litter is strewn across the highways and streets. Usually, the brakes come on at the last second before contact is made with the incoming object. Nigeria has a population of around 180 million people. The state of insecurity in the country besides the issue of lack of regular electricity supply, which itself is a source of economic insecurity in the country is repelling investors. The activities of the avengers were responsible for the epileptic power supply in the country as well as the inability of state governors to pay workers salaries due to the low revenue generated in the oil sector as a result of the attack on pipelines. We must strive to get to a level where crimes will be nipped in the bud before they are perpetuated. Every kid has the right to an education in a safe and healthy setting. Nigeria must continue to upgrade its infrastructure as well as improve its health and primary education. 0]&AD 8>\`\fx_?W ^a-+Mwj3zCa"C\W0#]dQ^)6=2De4b.eTD*}LqAHmc0|xp.8g.,),Zm> PK ! 0]&AD 8>\`\fx_?W ^a-+Mwj3zCa"C\W0#]dQ^)6=2De4b.eTD*}LqAHmc0|xp.8g.,),Zm> PK ! 1. The foundations of the institutional framework in Nigeria are very shaky and have provoked deterioration of state governance and democratic accountability, thus, paralyzing the existing set of constraints including the formal and legitimate rules nested in the hierarchy of social order. The following additional powers can be exercised under emergency rule: massive deployment of the armed forces to take charge of security in place of the policy, invasion of peoples privacy (including homes and offices). Graduates are usually required to live with their parents for lengthy periods, which can lead to discontent and pessimism. Nigeria was rated fourth in the world with the most international war deaths in 2016, according to the Global Peace Index. Minimizing downtime by addressing critical issues quickly, Improving the functionality, performance, and reliability of the system, Reducing the risk of system failures and customer dissatisfaction, Flexibility in addressing problems based on the severity and urgency. There are over 3 million people internally displaced in Nigeria, forced to flee in their homes in the North-East by insurgency and conflict. Nigeria must address its infrastructure challenges by providing adequate financing and clamping down on the misappropriation of public monies intended for infrastructure. Read the entire Travel Advisory. In many countries, the executive arm of the government declares a state of emergency. By using our site, you One of main advantages of emergency maintenance is that there is no initial planning involved so initial cost involved to maintain equipment before failure occurrence is safe. These vague and two-line solutions proffered to the mountain of problems are insufficient to shed light on the way forward, they {solutions} seem better said than done! Insecurity, therefore, becomes a drain on local and national resources at the expense of development and peoples well-being thereby, having adverse consequences on economic growth and development. In his view, security engagement cannot be separated from good governance. effective emergency response. ppt/slides/_rels/slide11.xml.rels Non-governing citizens are also judged guilty, even though they are supposed to be free of corruption. 2. 13. In Nigeria, the variables range from theft to organized armed robbery, kidnapping and demand for ransom, assassination, repeated invasion and blockading of business installations, social injustice, unemployment, lack of access to livelihood resources, the rising cost of living, and bombing, pipelines destruction. Nigerians and foreign watchdog groups describe accounts of candidates using thugs to steal ballot boxes and threaten voters during elections. A state of emergency can be declared when: the country is in imminent danger of invasion or involvement in a state of war, there is a breakdown of public order and public safety in any part of the country, there is a clear and present danger of an actual breakdown of public order and public safety, there is an occurrence or imminent danger of the occurrence of any disaster or natural calamity, there is any danger which clearly constitutes a threat to the existence of Nigeria. This is antithetical to the democratic culture which nigeria has practiced successfully and . Besides, the Migration of people from the areas to other parts of the country or outside as a result of insecurity will affect the customer base of businesses operating in the environment where the insecurity exists. To ensure all this, there must be incentives, good conditions of service, and social security. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. In the year preceding up the 2007 elections, a Foreign Affairs study found about 700 election-related violent actions, including two killings. As mentioned above, a lack of preparation can . In the first quarter of 2016, it fell by -13.98 percent. The conditions are set out in Nigerias 1999 constitution. Porous Borders One major immediate factor which has enhanced insecurity in Nigeria is the porous frontiers of the country, where individual movements are largely untracked. A resolution must also be passed by two-thirds of the members of both houses. Stealing was considered extremely disgraceful and lives were also highly valued). Non-indigenes especially Igbos and Yorubas have to return to their home states before they are killed by Boko Haram. 49. 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