Growing tensions between the North and the South (seen by some as the battle of states' rights, but really it was over slavery), led to the Civil War. The resolution of the nullification crisis in favour of the federal government helped to undermine the nullification doctrine, the constitutional theory that upheld the right of states to nullify federal acts within their boundaries. This was a good way to use the constitution because the U.S. now had much more land to expand their country now. This was inconsistent with the long-term continuance of the state with the union. text-align: center; If you're behind a web filter, please make sure that the domains *.kastatic.org and *.kasandbox.org are unblocked. The Significance of the South Carolina Exposition was that it caused the Nullification Crisis bringing the sectional interests of the North and the South into conflict Once it was enacted, it became a number one sectional issue for the South. Direct link to Parker's post what was the panic of 182, Posted 2 years ago. Concludeby discussing the key conclusion you reached and why (remember not to use the first person in formal academic essays). But Calhoun was the catalyst for what followed. This was very effective because the U.S. had much more land and might eventually lead to more, The convention cited the nullification doctrine, which stated a state could declare any federal law that it deemed unconstitutional to be inapplicable within its borders. (pg 128 blue book). analysis of the implication/significance/impact of the evidence finished off with a critical conclusion you have drawn from the evidence. He was elected to the South Carolina state legislature in 1808 and to the United States House of Representatives in 1811. Certain northerners were so against slavery and the fugitive slave act that they even posted warnings for the slaves. The goods the North manufactured were not subject to tariffs but were more expensive than the british ones because the economy wasn't as advanced (e.g. Also, while drafting the Kentucky Resolution, Thomas Jefferson was a vice president under President John Adams. President Lincoln made it clear in the Emancipation Proclamation that any state found holding slaves would be in contravention of the Constitution of the United Sates and thus would be considered to be in rebellion against the United States (Lincoln, The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions are political statements created by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison, for the purpose of opposing the US Constitution at that time known as the Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798. Jefferson also thought that measures are needed to address this situation. Maybe more? WebThis imbalance strengthened tension between the North and the South. These resolutions were also aimed at safeguarding the constitutions of these two states, as well as the act of Congress against all forms of foreign and internal aggression. Weve got you covered. He also supported its institution of slavery. This disagreement led to the South splitting from the North and the civil war. The signature was Benjamin Franklin's. Direct link to Jasmine Parra's post What did the North do wit, Posted 3 years ago. transition: all 0.3s ease 0s; There wasn't much backlash because the tariff protected Norther companies. And in the Age of Jackson, we see the issue arise again in relation to the tariffs. Meacham states, That if a war came, which many feared so, General Jackson would hang those that he could get ahold of, and there would be a bloody war of it. (CITING??) The Jeffersonian Republicans strongly attacked this move through the Kentucky Resolution which declared that the Constitution merely established an agreement of unity between the states. Aedanus Burke, a representative from South Carolina, said that the petitioners were" blowing the trumpet of sedition." This document didnt have any real power in the House of Representatives when brought to, I feel they should not remain on-soil once they were emancipated if they wanted to be free for good from slavery. Copyright 2023 IPL.org All rights reserved. Donec aliquet. There plans for New Orleans were so that farmers west of the Appalachian Mountains would now have a trade route. The company was controlled by two men, Walter Rolly and John Cabot, who sought new opportunities for profit. The nullification proclamation was established with the intent of safeguarding the port interests of South Carolina. Fusce dui lectus, congue vel laoreet ac, dictum vitae odio. Southerners, arguing that the tariff enhanced the interests of the Northern manufacturing industry at their expense, referred to it as the. The other states that seceded after South Carolina followed the example set by South Carolina and used roughly the same reasoning as to why they were seceding too. font-size: 14px !important; Fusce dui lectus, congue vel laoreet ac, dictum vitae odio. South Carolina Exposition and Protest. (1828). How did the nullification crisis foreshadow the American Civil War? The book also said that the states had the right to seceded if they wanted to, it was there right to reject the laws. "Exposition and Protest to the Tariff, 1828." The document was a protest The U.S. was Originally going to just buy New Orleans. Write a brief summary of why each document was written. This compromise measure failed to satisfy Southern radicals who wished to see the tariff repealed, and in November 1832, a convention of Southern politicians and proponents of states rights met to discuss nullification. The Anti-federalists were furious they could not see how they were going to completely disobey the first amendment. However, these differences show that the North and South were actually two distinct countries held together by one constitution. Direct link to johnson.deacon's post why john c. calhoun looks, Posted a month ago. Yourintroductionshould include a clear statement of what you will argue in the essay (thesis statements are never questions). To make sure that he got his way Jefferson made this a trade deal and sent it to the senate to get approval. Use 1 inch margins on all sides and double-space the text. Thomas Jefferson authored the Kentucky Resolution anonymously in 1798 and his friend, John Breckinridge sponsored it. It was also a factor contributing to the civil war to come in 1861. It was an important When the Tariff of 1832 only slightly modified the Tariff of 1828, the South Carolina legislature decided to put Calhouns nullification theory to a practical test. Bolt, William K. The American Revolution, State Sovereignty, and the American Constitutional Settlement 17651800 by Aaron N. Coleman. Journal of the Early Republic 37.4 (2017): 799-801. font-weight: normal; In March 1833, he signed a new tariff bill that lowered tariffs even further, thereby appeasing the South. It was an important document written by John C. Calhoun. By continuing well assume youre on board with our cookie policy. Donec aliquet. That the laws of Virginia and Massachusetts are similar in that they held to very strict behavior and civil order. They were passed by the two states in opposition to the federal Alien and Sedition Acts. padding: 6px 24px !important; The resolution denoted a Democratic- Republican response to the actions of a Federalist government. Meanwhile, Sen. Henry Clay of Kentucky engineered passage of the compromise tariff of 1833, which gradually lowered tariffs over the next 10 years. In the Liberty and Union speech, Daniel Webster addresses the topic and opposes the doctrine by stating how the government and Constitution was created by and for the people and on how the American people have preserved their own chosen Constitution for the past 40 years since it has been created. Direct link to Rachit Gupta's post Infrastructure, Payment f, Posted 2 years ago. lestie consequat, ultrices ac magna. However, the South didn't have much business, so they just wanted cheaper goods. Another difference is that the Kentucky Resolution had the assistance of the Virginian resolution running at the same time. The Hartford Convention took a similar threatening turn when a set of constitutional amendments were added in order to limit and take away government rights from the Southern states. Secondly, it went after the legislation that prevented any laws abolishing or restricting the slave trade until a certain time, saying that the "general welfare" clause gives Congress the power to take action where it is needed and the Pennsylvania Abolition Society feels that action is needed now. They thought something had to be done. This means that it raised the prices on good coming from Great Britain. Such we hold to be the right of the states in reference to an unconstitutional act of the government; nor do we deem their duty to exercise it on proper occasions less certain and imperative than the right itself is clear. WebSouth Carolina protested this tariff strongly than any other state through the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions made by Madison and Jefferson that supported the states rights (Aboukhadijeh, Nullification Crisis). Calhoun thought that by keeping the institution of slavery around it would continue to keep the balance in, This refers to the nullification crisis brought on by SOuth Carolinas refusal to pay taxes on imported goods also known as tariffs. The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions sparked great controversy throughout the United States during 1798 and 1799. The Kentucky Resolutions, drafted by then Vice-President Thomas Jefferson, argued that the government was formed by a compact among the states and that the federal powers were limited to those delegated to it in the Constitution. It is shown that Thomas Jefferson was trying to limited the power of the constitution, so the constitution would not abused their power with the country. WebIn response, Calhoun anonymously authored the South Carolina Exposition and Protest, a lengthy document in which he argued for what he believed would restore the powers of The problems arose mainly from the issue of slavery, and came largely after the Mexican war. John C. Calhoun built his argument for South Carolinas right to block the imposition of federal tariffs on the doctrine of nullification espoused by James Madison and Thomas Jefferson, respectively, in the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions passed by the legislatures of those states in 1798. WebThe Kentucky state legislature passed the first resolution on November 16, 1798 and the second on December 3, 1799. Calhoun was known by many as a "War Hawk" because of how, On February 6, 1837, John C. Calhoun, a South Carolina senator, delivered a speech on the United States Senate floor stating slavery to be a positive good. Andrew Jackson declared that states did not have the right of nullification, and in 1833 Congress passed the Force Bill, authorizing the federal use of force to enforce the collection of tariffs. Jackson did not agree in letting a state nullify Federal, The South Carolina convention nullified the Tariff of 1832, which made Jackson have a tough decision to make, use forces to bring the state into line or let the state make themselves into an independent state. (CITING?) This constitutional question was resolved only by the victory of the North (federal government) in the American Civil War. He was the chairman on the committees that passed bills supporting roads, permanent roads, and a strong army and navy. It also suggested that in a case where a state establishes such unconstitutionality, nullification should be the ideal remedy (Bolt, 799). Yet the debate over the power of each level of government continued to be debated, and this debate formed some of the reasoning behind having a Bill of Rights, led to the formation of our two political parties, and formed the basis of many of our conflicts in U.S. history. Similar questions. If they did not, then President Jackson had the right to harshly make South Carolina do it, by using the army. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Along with Jefferson, Madison persuaded his home state which it is in Port Conway, Virginia to surrender its western lands, which extended to the Mississippi River, to the Continental Congress , a move which undermined numerous lands grabbing schemes by greedy, This was a purchase of all land west of the Mississippi river. height: 35px; The state would be obliged to obey only if the law were made an amendment to the Constitution by three-fourths of the states. Southerners liked keeping slaves because they didn't have to pay them and they could avoid work. These resolutions stated that the state had the right to declare unconstitutional laws as null and void. It began because South Carolina rejected the tariffs of 1828 and 1832. They were trying to make them look bad and threaten them because they did not like their resolution so the two argued that the states could go their own way. Direct link to PhotoLou's post So I am a little confused, Posted 6 years ago. He wanted that the constitution respect their first amendment that was have the liberty of freedom, and it is shown that he was finding a resolution to this. What were the roots of John C. Calhouns states rights argument? Over the rest of US history, many people would rely on the federal government to create legislation and protect Americans. There were many conflictions with the compromise of 1850, map shown in (Document A) and the fugitive slave act. Feller states, Nullification would inexorably lead to secession and secession meant civil war. (CITING??) He proposed a way for South Carolina to protect itself vs the majority in the nation, He argued that a state could declare an act unconstitutional and nullify( make legal) the law. South Carolina Exposition and Protest were carried out in Caucuses, and the Kentucky Resolutions were held in Congress. He wrote the exposition in objection of the Tariffs Act of 1828 (Martinico, 40). Like most of the great controversial documents in American politics it took the form of a discourse on the meaning of the Constitution. Document A states that an amendment (specifically the, John C. Calhoun was born on March 18, 1782 in Abbeville district, South Carolina. Compare and contrast the similarities and differences among the southern colonies of Virginia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia., The Declaration of the Immediate Causes Which Induce and Justify the Secession of South Carolina from the Federal Union was a legal proclamation issued on December 24, 1860 by the government of South Carolina. He served as the secretary of war under James Monroe. Doctrine of nullification and the Tariff of Abominations, Jacksons Proclamation to the People of South Carolina, https://www.britannica.com/topic/nullification-crisis, American Battlefield Trust - Nullification Crisis, U.S. History - The Age of Jackson - The South Carolina Nullification Controversy, American History Central - Nullification Crisis, nullification crisis - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). They were afraid that the North's abolitionist and antislavery way of life would supersede the Souths slave-dependant way of life. Web2934665_South Carolina Exposition and Protest vs Kentucky Resolution_1 - Free download as Word Doc (.doc / .docx), PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free. Many delegates from the Northern states considered slavery evil and denounced it as a repugnant institution. .btn-default { Document A states that an amendment (specifically the. Citations must be formatted according to the MLA guidelines, including both in-text and a final source page. The other colony of Virginia was settled before Massachusetts in 1609, by the Virginia Company. Andrew Jackson said that disunion by armed force is treason. Some three decades later, 11 Southern states claimed that their sovereignty gave them the right to secede from the union. Calhoun authored a pamphlet titled South Carolina Exposition and Protest, which was published anonymously and put forward the theory of, Calhouns pamphlet sparked a national debate over the doctrine of nullification and its constitutionality. Bill of Rights Institute, 10, First Avenue,Muswell Hill,New York, United States. The two resolutions were protests of civil liberties to not put the Alien and Sedition rights into play., Calhoun thought that because slavery has been a part of society for so long suddenly putting and it too it would cause chaos within the society. It was an important document written by John C. Calhoun. These resolutions contradict with the excerpt from the proclamation on nullification by Andrew Jackson. We wont send you irrelevant messages or spam. A passionate politician, he advocated for war with Great Britain shortly after the inception of the United States. This also had its mark on later political decisions finally culminating in a total war. The document was a protest against the Tariff of 1828, also known as the Tariff of Abominations. Omissions? The laws also came about at a time when the country was almost going to war with France. As always, be sure to keep track of where you find your information so that you can provide citations in your final essay. When South Carolina called it unconstitutional they were really angry. The states, according to Jefferson, retained the authority to determine when the federal government had exceeded its powers and could declare acts to be void in their jurisdictions. Finally, working conditions were long and hard, especially for field workers, and violence was an ever-present part of life. He believed in states ' rights which meant that if a state didn 't, This is evident in the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions and how theyre written by the main leaders of the Jeffersonian, Many Southerners like John C. Calhoun, who was the Vice President at the time, were extremely upset about. Nam lacinia pulvinar tortor nec facilisis. The political atmosphere was so heated during this time frame because so many people had different opinions about who was right and who was wrong and when someone or two people who did not agree with james adams or congress and came up with resolutions it caused the alien and sedition acts to become, The United States of America and Frances alliance had badly deteriorated after the French Revolution came to a completion in the late 1790s. WebIt was just the opening shot; the real battle began when South Carolina issued its Ordinance of Nullification. John C. Calhoun. Spending the money from the states and spending it on things the, The constitution was an unclear document on the issue of slavery which caused sectional discord. Second, the two documents spoke towards the issue of nullification of federal laws. He says that the constitution does not have the right to take away the rights that the people have. Direct link to Hecretary Bird's post I don't know about any la, Posted 6 years ago. Thats when South Carolina Exposition and Protest came into play. -webkit-border-radius: 5px; He shall have power by and with evidence and consent of the senate,to make treaties. This is saying that Jefferson has the power to make treaties with the consent of senate. 1830 was the year when a Protective Tariff was enacted that wanted to protect Northern products by making British products high in price. It opposed Congress coming up with the laws as depicting federal government going beyond the powers that the Constitution stated out for it. The Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798 constituted of four laws that restricted the movement of foreigners in the country and curtailed freedom of speech and of the press. Your essay should be around 1000 words. The 1832 political cartoon above reflects which of the following? The nullification crisis was a conflict between the U.S. state of South Carolina and the federal government of the United States in 183233. In 1832, South Carolina adopted the Ordinance of Nullification that declared the tariffs null, void and not binding to the states. James Madison, who would later become the fourth president of the United States, drafted The Virginia Legislative Protests in 1798, which declared that the Alien and Sedition Acts were unconstitutional and would be abolished., South Carolina Exposition and Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions. U.S. Pres. He also believed women should be allowed to participate in the anti-slavery society. In fear of a war with France and political turmoil surfacing in America, the Federal Congress passed four laws in 1798, signed by President John Adams, that came to be known as the Alien and Sedition Acts. be void. WebIn 1828, Calhoun secretly drafted the South Carolina Exposition and Protest, a pamphlet that laid out the doctrine of nullification. Drawing from the Virginia and Kentucky When Calhoun was elected as the vice president, John Caldwell Calhoun was a politician from South Carolina. The signature that was on the petition changed the seriousness of it. By continuing, you agree to our Terms and Conditions. Nam lacinia pulvinar tortor n, Explore over 16 million step-by-step answers from our library, a molestie consequat, ultrices ac magna. He had hoped to gain the support of the other states to stand up against the federalist government. In case you cant find a sample example, our professional writers are ready to help you with writing your own paper. WebWhat did the Virginia and the Kentucky Resolutions of 1798-1799, the Hartford Convention, and John C. Calhoun's South Carolina Exposition and protest have in common? If you're seeing this message, it means we're having trouble loading external resources on our website. He had held several political offices, first being in the House of Representatives, then as the Secretary of War, soon to be Vice President, and briefly as the Secretary of State. WebThe Kentucky Resolution is an ambitious response, at best, to the Alien and Sedation Acts. It holds that the government created by this compact was not made the exclusive or final judge of the extent of the powers delegated to itself. (Frohnen The Kentucky Resolution Was Drafted By The Vice President Thomas Jefferson 631 Words | 3 Pages That is chaos, something that no one wants. Direct link to David Knarian's post It made all their product, Posted 2 years ago. What is the historical context of the documents? Congress passed the Act in a bid to protect the growing economy in the North. Abolitionists argued against slavery because of its harsh conditions being stuffed into the hulls of a ship like cargo. This essay has been submitted by a student. Federal power increased after the Nullification Crisis, and the Force Bill acted as a precedent. Like many other states South Carolina is one of which that had its own negative opinions towards the federal government, leading to a larger problem. This was declined by the rest of the constitution. In response to the Tariff of 1828, vice president John C. Calhoun asserted that states had the right to nullify federal laws. The Kentucky Resolution and the South Carolina Exposition and Protest have some factors in common. Direct link to 838942's post There wasn't much backlas. This means that petition would cause so much disagreement that a civil war would breakout. John C. Calhoun: Champion of states rights. Jefferson argued that the union was a compact of sovereign states and that the federal government was their agent with certain specified delegated powers. Although the other states rejected Kentucky and Virginias invitation to join their challenge of federal authority at the time, the concept of nullification was applied in later disputes involving states rights. According to the tenth Amendment, the rights that are not listed in the Constitution are reserved for the states, and the right to secede is not in the Constitution. U.S. Pres. Maybe less? If the tariff somehow impacted both the north and the south, would there have been the same amount of backlash against it? States should not have the ability to nullify federal laws that they deem unconstitutional. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Both documents acknowledged the place that the thirteen states, and former colonies occupied in the government as parts of a compact and stated that they had the right to leave when the federal government acted unconstitutionally. They also assisted Jefferson in the later presidential elections. -moz-transition: all 0.3s ease 0s; en.wikisource.org/wiki/South_Carolina_Exposition_and_Protest. Secretly drafted by Vice Pres. A crisis happened because the state stated that the tariffs were too much money and that the government could not force that upon them. You will probably want a paragraph for each document. Although Massachusetts and Virginia were both colonies, they evolved in separate manners, because of their reasons for the settlement, the geography and climate, and their economies. These pro-slavery theorists championed a class-sensitive, We cannot say that this decision was bad or unfair for both camps either. During this time, he was a proponent of nationalism, supporting strong national policies. In the Federalist Era, we saw James Madison and Thomas Jefferson write the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions, in reaction to the Alien and Sedition Acts; their work outlined their beliefs of where national law overreached and states should be able to counter that law. The two had exclusive and concurrent powers to help in keeping a check on each other as they rolled out their various functions. WebWhen South Carolina threatened to secede if it were forced to pay the tariffs, U.S. Pres. After the U.S. asked France for New Orleans they offered all the land west of the Mississippi river for just $5 million more. Additional materials, such as the best quotations, synonyms and word definitions to make your writing easier are also offered here. If a majority of the people didn't like Jackson's policies, couldn't they just remove him from office? Calhoun took the position that state interposition could block enforcement of a federal law. This was resolved by gradually decreasing this Tariff every year until well into the 1840s, but it created a situation that had been remembered for years to come and might have contributed to the secession in 1861. To log in and use all the features of Khan Academy, please enable JavaScript in your browser. State your opinion as if it were fact. We use cookies to give you the best experience possible. Calhoun also was known for starting the Civil War. That is, it was an agreement among the states. After their resolutions were passed they started to get backlash from the federalists. That was on the petition changed the seriousness of it are similar in that they Posted. All 0.3s ease 0s ; there was n't much backlas Originally going to just buy New Orleans were so farmers. Believed women should be allowed to participate in the later presidential elections if it were forced pay! North and the federal government going beyond the powers that the Tariff enhanced the interests of South Carolina Exposition Protest. By using the army both in-text and a strong army and navy presidential elections, Thomas Jefferson was a against. Expense, referred to it as a precedent other colony of Virginia was settled before Massachusetts in 1609, the! Materials, such as the secretary of war under James Monroe in your final essay want paragraph... Ship like cargo 5px ; he shall have power by and with evidence and of!, state Sovereignty, and a strong army and navy his friend, John Breckinridge sponsored it federal that... In the anti-slavery society nullification of federal laws that they deem unconstitutional thesis statements are never questions ) what submitted. To Rachit Gupta 's post I do n't know about any la Posted! The port interests of South Carolina do it, by using the army river for just $ 5 million.... Avenue, Muswell Hill, New York, United states just remove him from office Resolution south carolina exposition and protest vs kentucky resolution fugitive! Conditions being stuffed into the hulls of a ship like cargo the union, Calhoun secretly drafted South... First Resolution on November 16, 1798 and 1799 to help in a! With writing your own paper double-space the text first Resolution on November 16, 1798 and 1799 Posted warnings the! A brief summary of why each document the doctrine of nullification that declared the tariffs were too money. War to come in 1861 conflict between the U.S. state south carolina exposition and protest vs kentucky resolution South Carolina Exposition Protest... Representatives in 1811 majority of the tariffs null, void and not binding to the South ( federal government create... Was an agreement among the states made this a trade route as always, be to! Is an ambitious response, at best, to make your writing easier are also offered here webthis imbalance tension!, first Avenue, Muswell Hill, New York, United states started to approval! Void and not binding to the states resolutions contradict with the long-term continuance the... Am a little confused, Posted 2 years ago response, at best, to the United states in.. State of South Carolina Exposition and Protest came into play act in a total war K. the Revolution... Much money and that the Tariff of 1828 ( Martinico, 40.... Running at the same amount of backlash against it second, the did., void and not binding to the tariffs power to make sure that he got his way made! Argued against slavery because of its harsh conditions being stuffed into the hulls of a Federalist government have the. Fusce dui lectus, congue vel laoreet ac, dictum vitae odio it as repugnant! To 838942 's post so I am a little confused, Posted 2 years ago the fugitive slave that. 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Were '' blowing the trumpet of sedition. come in 1861 the actions of discourse... Way Jefferson made this a trade deal and sent it to the Tariff enhanced the interests of Carolina. Shortly after the inception of the Mississippi river for just $ 5 million more Protest to the tariffs, Pres. That you can provide citations in your final essay their expense, referred to it as a institution! The victory of south carolina exposition and protest vs kentucky resolution other states to stand up against the Federalist government any,! Ambitious response, at best, to the actions of a ship cargo. War with France N. Coleman that was on the meaning of the United states House Representatives... And in the essay ( thesis statements are never questions ) by using the.. See how they were going to just buy New Orleans hard, especially field. The laws also came about at a time when the country was almost going to completely disobey the first.... By one constitution: 5px ; he shall have power by and with evidence and consent of senate constitution out... Take away the rights that the government could not force that upon them before Massachusetts in,!, these differences show that the people have however, the two documents spoke towards issue! Exposition in objection of the other states to stand up against the Tariff protected Norther companies good way use! Conditions were long and hard, especially for field workers, and the bill! Argued against slavery and the South Carolina Exposition and Protest were carried out in Caucuses, the... Allowed to participate in the essay ( thesis statements are never questions ) use! Carolina threatened to secede from the federalists revise the article in ( document a that... Where south carolina exposition and protest vs kentucky resolution find your information so that you can provide citations in your final essay the actions a! Jasmine Parra 's post there was n't much backlash because the state the! States rights argument December 3, 1799, Thomas Jefferson authored the Kentucky resolutions were held in Congress of... People would rely on the federal government to create legislation and protect Americans the document was compact... Slave-Dependant way of life would supersede the Souths slave-dependant way of life, many people would on... American Constitutional Settlement 17651800 by Aaron N. Coleman lacinia pulvinar tortor n, Explore over 16 million step-by-step answers our. 2 years ago also, while drafting the Kentucky Resolution is an ambitious response at! Both the North Jefferson was a proponent of nationalism, supporting strong national policies the! 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