Sanz, J., Perdign, A.L., & Vzquez, C. (2003). They conducted both exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis and found a 2nd order general factor of Depression and three first-order factors: Negative Attitude, Performance Difficulty, and Somatic Elements. It is simply meant as a tool to help gauge the symptoms that are being experienced, and the therapist, counselor, or psychologist is meant . Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 43(4), 393-402. Yes Rehabilitation Psychology, 46, 195-202. This disorder is characterized by changes in sleep, appetite and psychomotricity, decreased concentration and decision-making ability, loss of self-confidence, feelings of inferiority or worthlessness and guilt, as well as despair and recurrent thoughts of death with ideation, planning and/or suicidal acts. Measurement invariance is a prerequisite for considering the BDI equivalent across versions, and for using it to make valid . Storch, E.A., Roberti, J.W., & Roth, D.A. The CDI is a tool that mental health professionals use to measure the cognitive, affective, and behavioral signs of depression in children and adolescents between the ages of 7 and 17. The BDI has also been found to be related to the Adolescent Dissociative Experiences Survey and to a measure of alexithymia in a sample of Turkish adolescents (Sayar, Kose, Grabe, & Murat, 2005). Confirmatory factor analyses with adolescent psychiatric inpatients (Osman et al., 2004) identified a 2-factor solution as the most parsimonious and interpretable. It has been translated into languages other than English, and its psychometric properties have been established in numerous cultural groups including the deaf population. By clicking Accept All Cookies, you agree to the storing of cookies on your device to enhance site navigation, analyze site usage, and assist in our marketing efforts. Azocar, F., Aren, P., Miranda, J., & Muoz, R.F. Third, the BDI-II is a self-report measure and, as such, may suffer from social desirability bias. Given the large number of published studies using the BDI, we focused our efforts on the core psychometric studies and those conducted with adolescents and trauma-exposed populations. Dozois, Dobson, & Ahnberg (1998) indicated sensitivity and specificity rates listed above using cutoffs of 0-12 (nondepressed), 13-19 (dysphoric), and 20-63 (dysphoric or depressed). Since its publication, a number of studies have examined the validity and reliability of BDI-II across different populations and countries [8]. Measures of depression and depressive symptoms: Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). More research is needed on the use of the BDI-II with diverse groups of adolescents. Psychiatry & Clinical Neurosciences, 59(2), 127-134. Mood Disorder (Depressive, Bipolar) and Symptoms (e.g., Flat Affect, Withdrawl, Mania), Prior Experience in Psych Testing/Interpretation. In summary, although factorial data suggests that bifactor models outperform multidimensional modelsregardless of the number of specific factorsfindings are not conclusive [36,37,38]. Clinica y Salud, 14(3), 249-280. A pilot study of Interpersonal Psychotherapy for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Common and specific dimensions of self-reported anxiety and depression: the BDI-II versus the BDI-IA. It can be used to screen for depression and monitor the course of treatment. Through principal factor analysis, they identified a single second-order dimension of self-reported depression and three first-order factors. Questionnaires and other measures are provided here solely as a courtesy to accompany our scoring code. The Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) is currently one of the most widely used measures in both research and clinical practice for assessing depression. They also found high internal consistency (alpha=.90) and good validity, compared to a diagnosis of major depression as assessed by the PRIME-MD in a sample of low-income African-American outpatients. Reveals specific suicidal characteristics that require greater clinical scrutiny. The scoring scale is at the end of the questionnaire. Psychometric properties of the Spanish Beck Depression Inventory-II in a medical sample. Competing interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. The 21-item BDI was built by Beck and colleagues in 1961 at the Center for Cognitive Therapy (Beck et al., 1961) for use in cognitive psychotherapy to rate the presence of depression-related cognitive distortion.The original version has received several reformulations to improve clinical and research needs. Nixon, R.D.V., Resick, P.A., & Nishith, P. (2004). The test-retest and internal consistency data have been replicated in numerous studies, including adults and adolescents, with similar findings. Its development marked a shift among health care professionals, who had until then viewed depression from a psychodynamic perspective, instead of it being rooted in the patients own thoughts. Psychiatry Research, 110, 291-299. In this study we are using the Spanish version of Beck Depression Inventory-II [44], which has an excellent reliability coefficient of .92. Individuals with low education and some Spanish speakers have difficulty with the response format. Self-Reported Measure. The authors claimed that only two of the first-order factors, Cognitive and Somatic-Affective, were generalizable. Psychological Assessment, 15, 569-577. Journal of Affective Disorders, 86(1), 87-91. Also, when verifying the fit of a bifactor model, it makes sense to consider additional indices, mainly the hierarchical omega (H), the percentage of explained common variance (ECV) and the percentage of uncontaminated correlations (PUC). No, Is the Subject Area "Research assessment" applicable to this article? The Beck Depression Inventory - Second Edition1 is a popular self-report measure of depression. The corrected item-total correlation was also calculated for the items of each factor. 2017;14(1):30-36. doi:10.4306/pi.2017.14.1.30, Phan T, Carter O, Adams C, et al. Items are on a four-point scale that ranges from 0 to 3. No, Is the Subject Area "Diagnostic medicine" applicable to this article? The BDI is used to measure the severity of depression. Scores on BDI-II discriminated between clinical and general population, supporting for external validity. The Self-report study based on the symptoms described by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) [6], which makes measuring depressive severity possible. If you are concerned about your level of depression, it is important to discuss your symptoms with a mental health professional. Its development marked a shift among health care professionals, who had until then viewed depression from a psychodynamic perspective, instead of it being rooted The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) is a self-report questionnaire used to measure the severity of depression. More importantly, the detection and treatment of depression have become a matter of high priority in low and middle-income countries [43] such as Dominican Republic, despite psychometrically validated measures are currently lacking. (2004) examined the reliability and validity of the BAI and BDI in a sample of 1,110 Latino and 2,703 Caucasian undergraduate students. Validity and Reliability. The Beck Depression Inventory II and the Beck Anxiety Inventory in People with Intellectual Disabilities: Factor Analyses and Group Data. The mean age was 37.20 (SD=15.91). Sage Research Methods. 1996). Participants were selecting by convenience from general population (N = 797) and hospital population (N = 243). Silver, S.M., Rogers, S., Knipe, J., & Colelli, G. (2005). The inventory is composed of items relating to depressive symptoms such as: Hopelessness and irritability. (2004). Despite all limitations, we note that this is the first study to demonstrate the construct validity and reliability of the BDI-II in Dominican Republic. 2. Chandra Ghosh Ippen, Ph.D., Connie Wong, M.A. This tool, the Beck Depression Inventory, is one of the top tools used to assess a person's mental health and determine whether they are experiencing depression. Verywell Mind uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Thus, further research is needed into the latent structure of BDI-II. here. They also reported good internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and convergent validity. Telepractice: Tips on using this test in your telepractice. Benefits. Cognitive trauma therapy for battered women with PTSD (CTT-BW). Its construct validity has also been tested successfully by comparing scores with other measures for depression. Psychological Assessment, 16(2), 120-132. Beck Depression Inventory definition: A trademark for a standardized questionnaire used to diagnose depression. 2021;27(4):603-612. doi:10.1177/1352458520921073, Fried EI, van Borkulo CD, Epskamp S, Schoevers RA, Tuerlinckx F, Borsboom D. Measuring depression over time . Clinical Assessment s The Beck Depression Inventory . The original BDI, first published in 1961, consisted of twenty-one questions about how the subject has been feeling in the last week. Differential item functioning in a Spanish translation of the Beck Depression Inventory. The BDI can be used for ages 13 to 80. Scoring files were written in the R statistical programming language by John Curtin and are free for reuse. The normative sample is predominantly White (91%). [35] did not find confirmatory evidence for bifactor models but, instead, they found that a three-factor model consisting of affective, cognitive and somatic factors provided better fit to data in clinical and non-clinical samples. (2014, January 28). The BDI-II has been referenced in 586 publications in peer-reviewed journal articles. This population consisted of 67 females and 53 males with a mean age of 19.58 (SD=1.84) and was predominately Caucasian. Byrne, Stewart, & Lee (2004) examined the psychometrics of the Chinese Beck Depression Inventory-II with a sample of Hong Kong community adolescents. Contreras, S., Fernanedez, Senaida, Malcarne, V.L., Ingram, R.E., & Vaccarino, V.R. "This research had the revision and approval of the National Council of Bioethics in Health/ Consejo Nacional de Biotica en Salud (CONABIOS) of the Dominican Republic. Moreover, despite that cultural convergence is being accelerated due to increased globalization [39] and that major depression has been reported worldwide [40] there are considerable cross-cultural differences in the symptomatology of depression [41]. For example, individuals are asked to respond to each question based on a two-week time period rather than the one-week timeframe on the BDI. Analyses with adult inpatients have identified a single hierarchical depression factor (Cole, Grossman, Prillman, & Hunsaker, 2003). Yes (2004). Introduction to the Beck Depression Inventory II. The BDI has been used in numerous studies with trauma-exposed individuals. The current version of the inventory and its predecessors has been shown to be reliable and valid across a wide age range of samples.1 Additionally, the BDI-II and previous versions have been standardized in different countries and cultures. Psychol Assess. The BDI-II is widely used as an indicator . However, comparison of its structure across countries and languages remains understudied. The Beck Depression Test is a type of psychological test which is used to measure the intensity of mental depression. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) is a self-report questionnaire used to measure the severity of depression. Spanish translation of the first-order factors, Cognitive and Somatic-Affective, were generalizable measures depression... A Spanish translation of the Spanish Beck depression Inventory definition: a trademark for a standardized used. 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