The ____________ refers to an area of New York that was so affected by the Second Great Awakening that there was no more fuel to burn for the fire of religion. In the early nineteenth century, the United States was becoming a more diverse nation; the new varieties of Protestantism were one reflection of this change. To understand it fully, however, one must consider its origins. UTOPIAN COMMUNITIES - Reform communities where small groups of men and women attempted to establish a more perfect order within the larger society. In 1823, Smith recounted that an angel named Moroni had visited him. Give Me Liberty! ) Like the other evangelical movements of the Second Great Awakening, they stressed adult baptism as an important step to salvation. By the 1850s, far more Americans were regular churchgoers than at the turn of the century. \quad\text{of \$100,000 in 2012 and \$160,000 in 2013)}& 600,000 &500,000\\ Abolitionism was perhaps the most radical of the reform movements of the era. What is the difference between the waterfall approach and agile project management? \textbf{Long-Term Debt}\\ Legal. Evangelical sects emphasized the resurrection of Christ, the primacy of scripture, the spiritual rebirth of believers, and the importance of proselytizing. Finney also protested against slavery from the pulpit, and became active in the abolitionist movement. - common school and institutions were open to all children (free training for individuals). For the most part, it appealed to the elite of society. \text{Merchandise Inventory}& 1,800,000& 1,500,000\\ The colonizationist wanted antislavery but the want to segregation between white and blacks. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. \textbf{Current Assets}\\ Unlike other reform movements, womens rights challenged the notion of separate spheres and the idea of true womanhood. Historians Ellen Carol DuBois and Lynn Dumenil argue that womens rights challenged the most basic idea of true womanhoodthe selfless nature of womenbecause womens rights advocacy led women to insist that they had the same claim on individual rights to life, liberty, property, and happiness as men. The work to achieve the vote made no substantive progress in the antebellum period. Legal. One means of teaching these values was through the series McGuffeys Readers, a series of texts that taught not only spelling and vocabulary, but also punctuality, frugality, and temperance. However, the modern-day Seventh Day Adventist Church later grew out of the Millerite movement. In 1833, Garrison was among the group that founded the American Anti-Slavery Society. Over the next fifteen years, Smith and his followers migrated westward, from New York to Ohio, and then on to Missouri and ultimately to Utah under the direction of Brigham Young, seeking a place to establish a pure kingdom of Christ in America. By helping others, they asserted their worth while at the same time alleviating social ills. Dubbed by historians, one of 100 or so reform communities that were established before the Civil War. Calvinism, which taught that only an elect few Christians would be saved, lost much of its appeal; Americans instead turned to a relatively new kind of Christianity, evangelicalism. Women formed a large part of the membership of the Society and the movement, and they were seen by many as the American voice of morality. \end{array} Unitarians stressed the inherent goodness of humankind. Key figures in the abolitionist movement were William Lloyd Garrison, publisher of The Liberator and Frederick Douglass, who was born a slave and rose to prominence as an author, orator, and abolitionist. \text{Accounts Payable}& \$ 550,000 &\$ 400,000\\ One of the most widespread of the reform movements in the 1820s-1840s was the temperance movement, which called for reducing the use of (or abstaining from) alcoholic beverages. He ended his appeal by writing, I will not equivocate- I will not excuse- I will not retreat a single inch- and I will be heard. Along with an immediate end to slavery, Garrison also espoused racial equality as an absolute necessity to ending the institution without massive bloodshed. The reform impulse was not solely confined to the United States; Europeans were also in the midst of their own reform efforts. \text{Retained Earnings, December 31, 2012}&& 2,800,000\\ Merchants with commercial ties to the South. Source for information on Antebellum Convention Movement . Others worked to make basic education available to all or sought to improve conditions in prisons and asylums. For the most part the reforms were a part of internal turmoil and the international scope was very limited. The antebellum period was marked by several major slave uprisings. Simplify!"; and the minister Theodore Parker's close association with the radical abolitionist John Brown. Each of these movements worked for freedom and emancipation and to grant a greater body of rights to two of the groups on the periphery of American society. What were the similarities between the common school and the institutions like asylums, orphanages, and prisons that were created by reformers? In the 1800's a woman 'Belonged' to a man on marriage. By the end of the 1830s, the Society had grown by leaps and bounds, with more than 1,300 chapters and almost 250,000 members. The utopian communities challenge existing ideas about property and marriage by prohibiting sexual relations between men and women altogether, others allowed them to change partners at will and the abolition of private property must be accompanied by an end to men's property in women. Gabriels brother, Martin, was recognized by the local black community as a lay-preacher. The market revolution had changed American society in many ways. \text{Amortization of Patent} &&125,000\\ These preachers travelled to the most remote areas, such as the Appalachian region, preaching to individuals, families, and communities. For the urban poor, a very few were able to attend private charitable schools. \text{Rosenwald Company (50\\\% Owned)}& 1,025,000& 900,000\\ \quad\text{of Leased Property Rights}&& 1,000,000 Antebellum reform was international in scope . - militant abolitionism where a new generation of reformers rejected the traditional approach of gradual emancipation and demanded immediate abolition. Hudson River school of art: Americans painters also sought to achieve a sense of nationality in art. What were the different varieties of abolitionism? Even anti-slavery and abolitionist groups refused to grant full rights to black members. Others simply tempered their message of spiritual equality and did not overtly challenge slavery. What were the diverse sources of the antebellum women's rights movement? 1. "gentlemen of property and standing" (p. 453). By the 1790s, these two churches were gaining great popularity in the United States. Soon after, the movement disintegrated. The Society grew quickly and soon had spread across the country. Mainly, it had drastically weakened the ties that bound . REVENUESSalesGainonSaleofMachineryandEquipmentEquityinEarningsofAffiliates:ChicagoFinanceCorporationRosenwaldCompanyHutchinsonCompanyTotalRevenuesEXPENSESCostofGoodsSoldEmployeePayrollExpenseDepreciationofPlantandEquipmentandAmortizationofLeasedPropertyRightsBadDebtExpenseInterestExpenseGeneralCorporateExpensesIncomeTaxesCurrentIncomeTaxesDeferredTotalExpensesNetIncomeLess:DividendsonPreferredSharesDividendsonCommonSharesIncreaseinRetainedEarningsRetainedEarnings,December31,2012RetainedEarnings,December31,2013BasicEarningsperCommonShare(Basedon1,600,000AverageSharesOutstanding)DilutedEarningsperShare(AssumingConversionofPreferredStock)$1,800,000125,00075,000$13,920,000200,0002,000,000$16,120,000$5,000,0003,000,0001,000,000AmortizationofPatent120,000455,000420,0001,430,000170,000$11,720,000$4,400,000(120,000)(2,080,000)$2,200,0002,800,000$5,000,000$2.68$2.20125,000, Chicago Corporation To the eyes of many reformers, the movements in abolition and womens rights had much in common; many who worked to end slavery also called for the emancipation of women. Indeed, the womens rights movement had largely grown out of the anti-slavery movement. The development of separate northern and southern economies, westward expansion of the nation, and a spirit of reform marked the era. \text{Bad Debt Expense} &&120,000\\ In 1821, the ACS helped to establish the colony of Liberia on the west coast of Africa and assisted some 13,000 slaves and free blacks to emigrate to the colony. They were inspired in part by the success of British abolitionists. In addition to cotton, the great commodity of the antebellum South was human chattel. preconceived, presentist, and erroneous assumptions, neglecting to see the degree to which the past is truly diff erent from the present. (Problem 10), REVENUESSales$13,920,000GainonSaleofMachineryandEquipment200,000EquityinEarningsofAffiliates:ChicagoFinanceCorporation$1,800,000RosenwaldCompany125,000HutchinsonCompany75,0002,000,000TotalRevenues$16,120,000EXPENSESCostofGoodsSold$5,000,000EmployeePayrollExpense3,000,000DepreciationofPlantandEquipmentandAmortizationofLeasedPropertyRights1,000,000AmortizationofPatent125,000BadDebtExpense120,000InterestExpense455,000GeneralCorporateExpenses420,000IncomeTaxesCurrent1,430,000IncomeTaxesDeferred170,000TotalExpenses$11,720,000NetIncome$4,400,000Less:DividendsonPreferredShares(120,000)DividendsonCommonShares(2,080,000)IncreaseinRetainedEarnings$2,200,000RetainedEarnings,December31,20122,800,000RetainedEarnings,December31,2013$5,000,000BasicEarningsperCommonShare(Basedon1,600,000AverageSharesOutstanding)$2.68DilutedEarningsperShare(AssumingConversionofPreferredStock)$2.20\begin{array}{lrr} In every state, laws restricted the political and civil liberties of free African Americans. Garrison refused to become more moderate in his demands, and The Liberator was published continuously for the next 35 years until the end of slavery in the United States. Throughout New England, many Christians began to espouse Unitarianism, a sect based on the importance of human reason. It declared that all men and women are created equal, and went on to list the repeated injuries and usurpations on the part of man toward women, including that He has compelled her to submit to laws, in the formation of which she had no voice, and He has taken from her all right in property, even to the wages she earns. The Declaration of Sentiments formed the basis of the goals of the womens rights movement that lasted throughout the rest of the century. Slavery was the cornerstone of the southern economy. North and South white Americans want to colonization the African American slaves, it was response to for making African Americans slaves. \text{Salaries Payable}& 300,000& 240,000\\ \quad\text{Dividends on Common Shares}&& (2,080,000)\\ The Book of Mormon was published in 1830, and Smith began the formation of his church. If they openly challenged the institution of slavery, slave owners would not allow their slaves to attend revival meetings or to hear the message. Harriet Beacher Stowe's novel was to some extent modeled on the autobiography of fugitive slave Josiah Henson. Turner, who claimed to have experienced religious visions inspired by the Holy Spirit, used Biblical passages and his account of the visions to recruit more than seventy followers, both slave and free blacks, and incite rebellion. The womens rights movement did not attract broad support among women or men during the antebellum era. - people brought ideas from different countries, across the Atlantic, Give Me Liberty Ch. What were the major tactics of antebellum reform? Over the next two days, the insurrectionists killed some sixty white men, women, and children. Why? e. 111.78111.78111.78. The rebellion was quelled by a local militia, who killed or captured many of the insurrectionists. Early nineteenth-century America was a time of reform. antebellum reform movements squarely in the context of the era's market revolution and the Second Great Awakening, and in so doing underscores the linkages between of economic, . \quad\text{Total Property, Plant, and Equipment}& \$10,000,000 &\$ 9,400,000\\ American reformers believed that their country was destined to become a great democracy. )%2F13%253A_Antebellum_Revival_and_Reform%2F13.03%253A_American_Antebellum_Reform, \( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}}}\) \( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash{#1}}} \)\(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)\(\newcommand{\AA}{\unicode[.8,0]{x212B}}\), 13.2: Cultural Movements- Transcendentalism, Utopian Communities, and the Cult of Domesticity, Abolitionism and the Womens Rights Movements, Catherine Locks, Sarah Mergel, Pamela Roseman, Tamara Spike & Marie Lasseter, source@https://oer.galileo.usg.edu/history-textbooks/1/, status page at https://status.libretexts.org. This movement, called the Restoration Movement, had two main centers: Kentucky and Pennsylvania/Western Virginia. The temperance movement stemmed in part from new social conditions such as increasing urbanization immigration. Many women had greater freedom of expression in the church, but far fewer were granted leadership roles and authority. These institutions differed in many aspects, but shared with communitarians and religious believers in "perfectionism.". There are two main strands of literature on the antislavery origins of the sectional crisis. In her letter, she explained how her activity in the abolitionist movement had opened her eyes to the oppression of women in the United States. In the 19th Century's Antebellum Era, Americans began several social reform movements influenced by transcendentalism and the Second Great Awakening. Meanwhile in the United States, the movement lost steam during the 1840s and 1850s as the tensions between free and slave states escalated. Garrison was militant in his call for immediate and complete emancipation as a moral imperative. However, abolitionism developed significantly over the 1800s. To what degree was antebellum reform international in scope? Moreover, they said, white preachers professed a different message to white and black congregations. The temperance movement and organizations had more than a million supporters who enthusiastically held rallies and distributed pamphlets on the evils of demon rum. By the 1860s, their efforts had indeed slowed, but certainly did not stop, the average Americans consumption of alcohol. The movement began in Europe in the 1700s with the growth of the Baptist movement and the foundation of the Methodist church. Far more women than men were converted during the revivals of the Second Great Awakening. Preferred Pace of Life \text{Increase in Retained Earnings}&& \$ 2,200,000\\ \quad\text{Hutchinson Company}& 75,000 &2,000,000\\ In some instances, whites and blacks had separate, adjacent meetings; in others, they attended the same camp meeting, but slaves were in segregated seating. Many white abolitionists, despite their antislavery sentiments, refused to hire free black laborers. Questions relating to the financial statements of Chicago Corporation follow. Veseys conspiracy showed that religion could be used as a weapon against slavery. By the end of the meeting, a plan emerged to march on the city of Richmond on August 30, 1800, seizing the capitol and capturing the governor. Many mentally ill individuals eventually ended up imprisoned as well, as no facilities for the treatment of the mentally ill existed. \text{Common Stock}& 2,000,000& 2,000,000\\ Although neither group saw their causes ultimate goals achieved during the era of reform, each movement saw great advances. 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