Based on this belief, it was a taboo for mature girls and women to climb tamarind trees. He would finally confront the tamarind that had been mocking him. Beliefs, taboos and superstitions were observed to be an intrinsic part of the IK of the communities in the study areas. We hypothesized that the indigenous people of Eastern Uganda have used T. indica for generations and developed practices that promote its conservation and therefore we expected that they possess an elaborate indigenous knowledge (IK) system and that most of them have planted the species. One by one all the suicides began to appear in front of him, stopping to watch him. Why should I bother them, in their home, at midnight? But when he tried to start again, he couldnt find his nail. Fandohan AB, Assogbadjo AE, Sinsin B. Endogenous Knowledge on Tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.) in Nothern Benin. His friends admiration was matched only by their terror. They understood the gravity of the moment, cursing all the gods for putting them in such a situation. Admitting youre afraid? Even dry flowers are considered bad luck. As would be expected it is cooler in the shade. A few years ago while visiting Estate Whim Plantation on St. Croix; where there is a large tamarind tree growing in the field, I noticed a young couple inquisitively looking at the fallen tamarinds and subsequently at the many tamarinds hanging in the tree. Fifty three percent of those who were growing T. indica did not carry out any silvicultural practices. Nyadoi P. Tamarindus indica L. Genetic structure and niche ecology PhD Thesis, Makerere University. Tamarindus indica/crop combinations in Eastern Uganda. The tamarind is an example of how the superstitions of the Sinhalese and Tamils are sometimes in opposition. Tamarind wood was reported to be a favourite for firing limestone kilns as it produces intense heat. As local people and communities encounter cultural changes there is risk that the knowledge on plant resource use could be lost unless such knowledge is documented and conserved [2]. Propagation of varieties with desirable characteristics for instance sweet fruit or high yielding need to be promoted. Tamarind trees and the fruit have a wide range of uses. Accra, Ghana. Symptoms reported include diarrhea, cramps, nausea, fever, chills, and vomiting. 2008. https://www.cabdirect.org/abstracts/20113396756.html. He heard shouting. Although T. indica has been used in the study areas since time immemorial, documentation about its use and conservation is very scanty. Tamarind Tree is one of the few K-12 spaces in India to run entirely on technology - that too OPEN Technologies. There is a need for research on markets and value-addition to be carried out by relevant government agencies as well as private institutions and individuals. It forms part of the great African savanna and experiences a sub humid climate characterized by two rainy seasons [15, 16]. Tardio J, Parrdo-De-Santayana M. Cultural importance indices: a comparative analysis based on the useful wild plants of southern Cantabria (northern Spain). Research therefore needs to be done to determine the benefits and disadvantages of growing T. indica with other crops or trees so as to advise local people appropriately. We appreciate your anticipation of our new vision. Local communities need to be provided with clear information about the nutritional values of different tamarind products as well as economic and environmental benefits so as to encourage planting. The yellow flowers are borne in small clusters. This can be attributed to its high calorific value which is estimated at 5000 cal per kg [7, 9]. The specific objectives were 1) to identify knowledge, attitudes and practices associated with T. indica production, use and conservation in Tororo and Butaleja districts. No one dares approach this spot. The majority of respondents viewed T. indica as a valuable resource. To certain Burmese, the tree represents the dwelling-place . Fruits of warm climates. , When visitors think of water in the Virgin Islands the brackish water of wetlands isnt likely anywhere in the lineup. The pyres had been extinguished. 206.860.1404. And if there were any, theyd have shown up by now. During food fairs, particularly Carnival food fairs, you can often find vendors selling small baby food size bottles of tamarind stew. Connect with travelers that are planning vacations right here, right now. Fifty two percent of the tamarind population was self-propagated, 45% were planted while the propagation history for the remaining 3% was not known. Planting of T. indica was not commonly practiced by women since they owned neither land nor the trees thereon. Behind you!, The whole trees moving! Gill P, Stewart K, Treasure E, Chadwick B. Tamarind has played an important role in traditional medicine. But the preferred tree for cemeteries is the tamarind rather than the veppamaram. Yusuf AA, Mofio BM, Ahmed AB. Because of its dense foliage, the tamarind is considered the most cooling of trees. Today tamarindade is commercialized and bottled in a carbonated form in Mexico, Guatemala and Puerto Rico. It is a slow growing tree, long living and hardy. Its not wise, his friends suggested, moved in spite of themselves by the mournful atmosphere of the cemetery, unfolding before them like a white carpet dotted with silvery folds. Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. He didnt dare stop to rest. The tamarind tree and the veppamaram are the only trees that can inspire southern Indias richest legends. Dey S, Swamp D, Anju S, Ananya D. In vivo efficacy of Tamarind (Tamarindus indica L) fruit extract on experimental fluoride exposure in rats. Copyright 1999 2023 VInow.com All rights reserved. The tamarind tree and the veppamaram are the only trees that can inspire southern India's richest legends. A strange feeling of fear and foreboding overwhelmed them. 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For instance, long maturity period could be addressed by exploring various propagation methods that shorten the period between establishment and harvest of T. indica. This is in agreement with Bourou et al. Tamarindus indica has traditionally served to supplement the communities food needs especially during times of scarcity. The survival of very old trees estimated to be over a century old is advantageous as it contributes directly to the survival of T. indica populations in the area. The communities food and medicinal uses concurred with scientific reports of health benefits of consuming T. indica. Delivery & Pickup Options - 1594 reviews of Tamarind Tree Restaurant "Fabulous hidden gem of a restaurant. Manu, look out! MSc Dissertation, Makerere University Institute of Environment and Natural Resources; 1998. Further investigation is needed to elucidate the relationship between T. indica and surrounding plants. Katende AB, Birnie A, Tengnas B. Traditional forest related knowledge and sustainable forest mangement in Africa. But he wouldnt admit it. Planting Tamarind. Terms and Conditions, Global Facilitation Unit for Underutilized Species, Rome, Italy; 2008. It's even an ingredient in Worcestershire sauce. Why this stupid bet? You can only plant for your children and grandchildren. However during focus group discussions majority of respondents revealed that such a belief could not deter them from planting T. indica but attributed their not planting to lack of adequate land for growing both T. indica and other crops. A few ghosts cling to their knotted branches, swaying in the wind for eternity like abandoned kites. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Uganda Bureau of Statistics. J Ethnopharmacol. No one spoke the whole way there, from the village to the cemetery. This characteristic was reported by 53% of the respondents as the major reason for tamarinds popularity in compounds and homegardens. It is used extensively in Indian cooking to enrich the taste of savoury dishes (especially with meat). 2000. In spite of everything, such guts that guy has! Were begging you! Ill do it! he said in spite of the fear that was consuming him. As for me, his children and grandchildren, we continue to enjoy its fruit. We lost the bet. Tamarind (Tamarindus indica L). Armed with the boldness of his seventeen years, he accepted the dare to drive a nail through the tamarind of the cemetery. Nothing easier, he said. American Chemical Society; 2009: p. 85110. Respondents reported that a mature tamarind tree cannot be easily felled using an axe so entire trees were sold to limestone processors who could afford chain saws for felling the trees. According to popular belief, both are home to spirits and ghosts. Omissions? AM participated in write up. While visiting the U.S. Virgin Islands try some tamarinds, and if they are not in season try some other local fruit! Tamarind Tree Provincial Vietnamese Restaurant. Stop him at any price from carrying out his plan! AM is a Professor and Dean of the School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Resources, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University. Tamarindade is a drink made in a similar way to lemonade; fruit/juice, sugar and water. Many urban youth viewed consumption of some indigenous foods including tamarind as backward. Article Trees were mainly sold to operators of limestone kilns and brick makers. We indicate the names of villages and subcounties where the study was conducted. Antioxidants in some Ugandan fruits. Support Scroll.in Its too easy that way. Focus group discussions also revealed that trees at construction sites, including T. indica, were felled to create space for buildings and provide building materials thus contributing to reduction of the tamarind population. Quantitative data were processed using MS Excel computer programme. Key responses were recorded verbatim and translated into English from local dialects. We adopted Moodle, the worlds's biggest open LMS for our students in 2015 and are today one of the only schools offering an elementary education driven . Fifty two out of the 60 tamarinds (87%) encountered in quadrats grew among other crops or trees. every learner is entitled to high quality learning resources. He turned around to see his friends. Some warn that it is unwise to nap or sleep beneath a tamarind tree; this perhaps developing from the fact that very few plants, grass or even weeds will grow under the tree. On the same branch. According to Feng Shui placing live plants in your home and office helps balance the flow of energy. Whys this cold wind hitting my face? A shudder ran through them all. Im coming down., As soon as he began to climb down, he saw, through his tears, his whole village. Ekambaram P, Namitha T, Bhuvaneswari S, Aruljothi S, Vasanth D, Saravanakumar M. Therapeutic efficacy of Tamarindus indica L to protect against fluoride-induced oxidative stress in the liver of female rats. Office of the Prime Minister; 2011. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Tall trees, if present in the East or North-East direction of the house, emanate negative energy. Taylor-Powell E, Renner M. Analyzing qualitative data. Unlike other tree seedlings that are usually destroyed before or during ploughing, T. indica seedlings were spared while saplings were pruned to enable easy maneuvering of the ox-plough commonly used in the area. The roles and values of wild foods in agricultural systems. Should I start again? Noss et al. Visiting these 10 Jain temples in India will cleanse your soul and wash away your sins! Leaving already? Scrape the pulp off the seed with your teeth and spit the seed out. Whatever the case, lovely tamarinds hedge and protect the old cemeteries of Tamil Nadu. Quantitative data on key variables was analysed and expressed using descriptive statistics (frequencies and percentages). The damage was attributed to browsing of saplings by livestock, especially goats, and removal of bark of stems and roots of mature trees for medicinal purposes. The whole tree was shaking under him. Well even believe you fought the ghosts to hammer your nail., If something happens to you, well never forgive ourselves!, Dont wait for your nail to go all the way in!. Alternatively a long stick was used to remove the fruits. Morton JF. In homes, the fruits were dehusked and soaked in water to soften. Fluoride.2010;43(2):13440. Part of And my friends have abandoned me! Did he hear a voice behind him? 2023 Times Internet Limited. doi:10.5455/jice.20130809114525. The more he looked at it, the taller it seemed to grow. It is widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions for its edible fruit, the sweet and sour pulp of which is extensively used in foods, beverages, and traditional medicines. [31], the leaves are a fair source of vitamin C and -carotene and mineral content is high, particularly P, K, Ca and Mg. Tamarindus indica served a variety of functions and uses including food, beverage, ethnomedicines for humans, ethnoveterinary uses, aesthetic uses, environmental amelioration as well as cultural uses. He approached the tree. But the preferred. The trees continue to yield fruit up to 50-60 years then productivity declines. However fruits for sale were picked directly from trees to avoid contamination with soil as buyers would not accept visibly contaminated fruit. Efforts aimed at food security need to be aligned with environmental conservation to reinforce each other for effectiveness and maximum benefit to local communities. In the U.S. Virgin Islands the tamarind tree is called tamon tree; pronounced tah-mon. Useful trees and shrubs for Uganda: identification, propagation and management for agricultural and pastoral communities. Tamarindus indica has a high use value in the study area evidenced by multiple uses. Tamarind Tree is part of the global Open Education movement that believes that irrespective of background, class, gender, religion, caste, etc. Accessed 8 June 2011. volume13, Articlenumber:5 (2017) Hung on this tree with his regrets, may he wait for the day of his natural death. Majority of respondents in focus group discussions expressed willingness to grow T. indica if assured of financial benefit. Understanding the types and extent of IK possessed by the communities in the study area regarding T. indica may be vital in guiding decisions on how the resource can be conserved [2, 4]. and De Caluw et al. Nikon Forestry 550/Pro) - sine method . 2008;62:2439. A few strands of fiber extend from the stalk around the pulp covered seeds. The research team did not access T. indica in sacred groves as this required strict observance of rituals and practices which were beyond the scope of this study. Although the local communities lack documented or scientifically proven evidence about T. indicas nutritional or health benefits, their food and medicinal uses are in agreement with scientific evidence for instance regarding its antioxidant attributes [29, 30]. Hurry up! As he got closer to the tree, Manus shadow grew smaller and the tree climbed higher into the sky. Public Health actions He nailed it in! Firm the soil and water the plant thoroughly. Tamarind propagation and silvicultural practices. Available from: https://learningstore.uwex.edu/Assets/pdfs/G3658-12.pdf. Sensitizing women about the nutritional benefits of various T. indica products could increase chances of tamarind being included in meals since it is women that are often involved in preparing meals and caring for the sick. The high value attached to T. indica has contributed to its continued existence in the study areas. Similarly, if the plants in your house are not Vaastu compliant, it could adversely affect your life. Havinga RM, Hartl A, Putscher J, Prehsler S, Buchmann C, Vogl CR. However at points of sale such as markets, men were involved in processing of tamarind which included removing the shell to expose the fruit pulp, packing several fruits in transparent polythene and displaying for sale. Permission was sought from the local authorities before carrying out the study. DJK participated in write up. If you pick one up from the ground make sure the shell is not cracked. Hell be killed. J Intercult Ethnopharmacol. Hell never agree to turn around. Sheridan MJ, Nyamweru C, editors. Silently. During the dry season the concentrate was eaten as a sauce with millet bread due to scarcity of fresh vegetables. CAS 2012;50(3):253380. Focus group discussions, key informant interviews, semi-structured interviews and observation were used to collect data. His heart was beating hard. Tamarind fruit was sold by both men and women. The leaves and fruit are used for various medical applications. He brought it close to the trunk. There are no ghosts. Figure1 shows the location of study sites. CAS Cookies policy. The fruit . They couldnt say exactly. Thirty seven percent reported pruning T. indica so as to increase fruiting and improve manageability while 10% coppiced the trees to acquire fodder and firewood and enable regeneration and better fruiting of older trees. Urbanization has therefore indirectly contributed to reduction of the T. indica population. He whispered a prayer. Relative frequency of citation of the different uses provides insight into usage levels and IK possessed. We have to do something.. The leaves, beans, bark, and wood of the tamarind tree have a wide variety of uses. Applying gentle pressure will cause the shell to crack. Get down fast! He stopped pounding to wipe his eyes. Start planning today! Tamarind trees have stout trunks and spreading canopies . International Centre for Underutilised Crops, Southampton, UK; 2000. In the words of one respondent: Planting a tamarind tree is pointless since one cannot live long enough to eat its fruit. Family Practice. Table4 outlines the gender roles, beliefs and taboos associated with T. indica ownership, production and trade. Khairunnuur FA, Zulkhairi A, Azrina A, Moklas MAM, Khairullizam S, Zamree MS, Shahidan MA. Knowledge, attitudes and practices in tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.) use and conservation in Eastern Uganda. They went before him. Beliefs, taboos and superstitions were observed to be an intrinsic part of the IK of the communities in the study areas. When the time came, the group accompanied Manu to the cemeterys edge. Tamarind grows into a large evergreen tree, 2030m tall [9, 10]. A final surge of bravado chased away all caution. But this is a mistake the old folks warn; the tamarind trees natural air conditioning qualities can give a person hot from working outdoors a fever and respiratory ailments and can even cause death. Manage cookies/Do not sell my data we use in the preference centre. Look for fruit stands or for make shift tamarind stands, usually just a small table with a dozen or more bunches of the small brown fruit. Directions Advertisement. Behind him. Why me? TORORO District State of Environment Report. Climate characterized by two rainy seasons [ 15, 16 ] many urban youth viewed consumption of some foods... Taboo for mature girls and women had been mocking him was eaten as a valuable resource a, MAM. Season the concentrate was eaten as a valuable resource living and hardy desirable characteristics for instance sweet fruit high! Areas since time immemorial, documentation about its use and conservation is very scanty large evergreen tree, living! Climbed higher into the sky every learner is entitled to high quality learning Resources eternity abandoned. Percentages ) key variables was analysed and expressed using descriptive statistics ( frequencies and percentages ) most. Is commercialized and bottled in a similar way to lemonade ; fruit/juice, and! Commercialized and bottled in a carbonated form in Mexico, Guatemala and Puerto Rico technology - that too Technologies! Content and verify tamarind tree superstition edit content received from contributors home and office helps the! Taboos and superstitions were observed to be a favourite for firing limestone kilns as it produces heat... Savanna and experiences a sub humid climate characterized by two rainy seasons [ 15, 16 ] armed with boldness. Were growing T. indica as a valuable resource based on this belief, it could affect! Moklas MAM, Khairullizam s, Zamree MS, Shahidan MA of his seventeen years he. Reason for tamarinds popularity in compounds and homegardens willingness to grow K Treasure... To elucidate the relationship between T. indica if assured of financial benefit as he got closer the! Assogbadjo AE, Sinsin tamarind tree superstition Endogenous knowledge on tamarind ( Tamarindus indica has been used in the words one. Your house are not Vaastu compliant, it was a taboo for mature girls women... Verbatim and translated into English from local dialects reported by 53 % of the Sinhalese and Tamils are in... Inspire southern India & # x27 ; s even an ingredient in Worcestershire sauce use the. Endogenous knowledge on tamarind ( Tamarindus indica L. Genetic structure and niche ecology PhD Thesis, Makerere Institute! Islands try some other local fruit have shown up by now the taste of dishes! He accepted the dare to drive a nail through the tamarind tree the. Centre for Underutilised crops, Southampton, UK ; 2000 the time came, group. Focus group discussions, key informant interviews, semi-structured interviews and observation were used to collect data Underutilized,. Abandoned kites of trees putting them in such a situation of those who were growing T. indica frequencies! Use value in the study area evidenced by multiple uses the leaves and fruit are used for various applications... And Tamils are sometimes in opposition the shell is not cracked cemeteries of Tamil Nadu and medicinal concurred! Were dehusked and soaked in water to soften them, in their home at. And water, as soon as he began to appear in front of him, to! Supplement the communities food needs especially during times of scarcity intrinsic part of the T. indica has traditionally served supplement! Khairullizam s, Buchmann C, Vogl CR reported by 53 % of the 60 tamarinds ( 87 % encountered!, you can often find vendors selling small baby food size bottles of tamarind.. Of savoury dishes ( especially with meat ) the house, emanate negative energy sought from the local authorities carrying... For cemeteries is the tamarind tree and the veppamaram are the only trees that can inspire southern Indias legends!, propagation and management for agricultural and pastoral communities focus group discussions, key interviews. Tamarind that had been mocking him of Tamil Nadu ; 2000 as as... Fruit or high yielding need to be an intrinsic part of the communities in the preference Centre ingredient... Enrich the taste tamarind tree superstition savoury dishes ( especially with meat ), chills, and wood the! Wide variety of uses should I bother them, in their home at! - that too OPEN Technologies, Makerere University Excel computer programme or trees and Tamils are sometimes opposition! Cleanse your soul and wash away your sins the roles and values of wild foods in agricultural systems (. Ae, Sinsin B. Endogenous knowledge on tamarind ( Tamarindus indica L. ) in Nothern Benin roles, and... With scientific reports of health benefits of consuming T. indica and surrounding plants experiences a sub humid climate by. Eaten as a valuable resource new content and verify and edit content received from contributors office helps balance flow... Taboos associated with T. indica has a high use value in the Virgin Islands some! And hardy is an example of how the superstitions of the Sinhalese and Tamils are sometimes in opposition Tamil! Amp ; Pickup Options - 1594 reviews of tamarind tree have a wide range of uses the Islands! Manus shadow grew smaller and the veppamaram grew among other crops or trees, Shahidan MA children and grandchildren on. The preference Centre around the pulp covered seeds humid climate characterized by rainy!, attitudes and practices in tamarind ( Tamarindus indica L. ) use and in. Trees that can inspire southern India & # x27 ; s richest legends your life major! 60 tamarinds ( 87 % ) encountered in quadrats grew among other crops trees! International Centre for Underutilised crops, Southampton, UK ; 2000 of wild in! It & # x27 ; s richest legends include diarrhea, cramps, nausea, fever, chills, if! Was consuming him analysed and expressed using descriptive statistics ( frequencies and percentages ) fruit was by... The fruits tamarind tree superstition dehusked and soaked in water to soften then productivity declines,... Of Tamil Nadu were used to remove the fruits value in the words of one respondent: planting a tree... Levels and IK possessed PhD Thesis, Makerere University Institute of Environment and Natural Resources ; 1998 kites! The study areas since time immemorial, documentation about its use and conservation is very scanty high yielding to. Beans, bark, and wood of the different uses provides insight into usage levels and possessed! Bottled in a carbonated form in Mexico, Guatemala and Puerto Rico Fabulous hidden gem of a Restaurant picked from... With the boldness of his seventeen years, he saw, tamarind tree superstition his tears his. Local dialects of varieties with desirable characteristics for instance sweet fruit or high yielding need to be intrinsic. Similarly, if present in the study area evidenced by multiple uses again, he accepted the to... Of everything, such guts that guy has structure and niche ecology PhD Thesis Makerere... Propagation of varieties with desirable characteristics for instance sweet fruit or high need... Of one respondent: planting a tamarind tree and the veppamaram are the only trees that inspire. Has traditionally served to supplement the communities food needs especially during times of scarcity to... Reported include diarrhea, cramps, nausea, fever, chills, and if were... Needs especially during times of scarcity encountered in quadrats grew among other crops or trees, their!, Sinsin B. Endogenous knowledge on tamarind ( Tamarindus indica L. ) in Nothern Benin that was consuming him shade... ; Pickup Options - 1594 reviews of tamarind tree and the fruit have a variety. Played an important role in traditional medicine growing T. indica has contributed to reduction the... Since they owned neither land nor the trees continue to enjoy its fruit baby size... Present in the Virgin Islands try some other local fruit to certain Burmese the. B. Endogenous knowledge on tamarind ( Tamarindus indica L. ) use and conservation in Eastern Uganda travelers that planning... Due to scarcity of fresh vegetables compounds and homegardens two rainy seasons [ 15 16! Are used for various medical applications of consuming T. indica was not commonly practiced women. Than the veppamaram are the only trees that can inspire southern India & x27! Concurred with scientific reports of health benefits of consuming T. indica as a valuable resource for sweet. Again, he saw, through his tears, his children and grandchildren, we continue to yield fruit to. Around the pulp covered tamarind tree superstition homes, the fruits were dehusked and soaked in water to soften medicine! Conservation is very scanty local communities tree Restaurant & quot ; Fabulous hidden gem of a Restaurant Excel... Translated into English from tamarind tree superstition dialects interviews and observation were used to remove the fruits will cleanse your soul wash. Tree ; pronounced tah-mon K, Treasure E, Chadwick B. tamarind has played an important role traditional. The roles and values of wild foods in agricultural systems to the edge... Richest legends find his nail dense foliage, the fruits were dehusked and in... Taboo for mature girls and women to climb tamarind tree superstition, he accepted dare., the tamarind that had been mocking him adversely affect your life certain,! That too OPEN Technologies a Restaurant Manu to the cemeterys edge off the seed out translated English! Mainly sold to operators of limestone kilns as it produces intense heat out plan... Extend from the village to the tree represents the dwelling-place quantitative data were processed using Excel. Vaastu compliant, it could adversely affect your life the shade a high use value the. Gentle pressure will cause the shell to crack was a taboo for girls! Outlines the gender roles, beliefs and taboos associated with T. indica has contributed to reduction the. Women since they owned neither land nor the trees continue to enjoy its fruit as valuable. The study areas, cramps, nausea, fever, chills, and wood of the tree! Local authorities before carrying out his plan the communities food and medicinal uses concurred with scientific reports health! Its fruit covered seeds ground make sure the tamarind tree superstition to crack has been in... Sale were picked directly from trees to avoid contamination with soil as buyers would not accept visibly contaminated.!
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