Having done my own review of the literature I conclude that palm oil has been a significant driver of tropical deforestation, especially in Southeast Asia. In the chart here we see the change in land use. China is the worlds most populous country and has a rapidly growing economy, factors that have driven its high overall energy demand. Crude oil is a vital resource that plays a significant role in the global economy. Chinas annual oil output was 4,993,000 bpd in 2021. Historical Chart 10 Year Daily Chart By Year By President By Fed Chair liability for the information given being complete or correct. The Covid-induced demand shock and a shifting momentum towards investment in clean energy are set to slow the expansion of the worlds oil production capacity over our six-year forecast period. Once extracted from the Earth, crude oil is refined to make several products, including gasoline, jet fuel and other petroleum products such as kerosene, paraffin, petrochemical feedstocks, solvents and lubricants. Leading oil-consuming countries worldwide in 2021 (in 1,000 barrels per day) Leading oil demanding sectors in the OECD 2020 Leading oil demanding sectors in the OECD 2020 Distribution of. And yet, there may be no return to normal for the oil market in the post-Covid era. In response to Russias war in Ukraine, Canada, the US, the UK and Australia have banned imports of Russian oil, representing about 13 percent of Russias exports. We know that tropical forests are incredibly rich in biodiversity, and store a lot of carbon from the atmosphere. Last year, the US consumed a total of 7.22 billion barrels of petroleum products thats an average of about 19.78 million bpd. Ostfeld, R., Howarth, D., Reiner, D., & Krasny, P. (2019). You can unsubscribe at any time by clicking the link at the bottom of any IEA newsletter. Dont forget to follow us @INN_Resource for real-time news updates! The country's rig count went from nine . The world consumes 35,442,913,090 barrels of oil as of the year 2016, equivalent to 97,103,871 barrels per day. But as weve seen, the alternatives are not necessarily better; more sustainable palm oil (used for food, not fuel) rather than no palm oil is what we should be pushing for. Most of Russias reserves are located in West Siberia, between the Ural Mountains and the Central Siberian Plateau, as well as in the Urals-Volga region, extending into the Caspian Sea. Substitutes for palm oil do not always exist. Nearly all of Canada's proven oil reserves are located in Alberta, and. As wed expect, all of these countries lie along the zone of optimal conditions around the equator. The country decided to reduce production by 3.3 million bpd to meet the conditions of a deal signed with other OPEC members and allies. There are a number of steps we can take to ensure we meet global demand for oils, without destroying our tropical forests. Compared with shorter-term data, the full-year figures are less prone to distortion from periodic maintenance shutdowns and other seasonal cycles. They also do not include the increase in liquid volumes during oil refining ("refinery gain"), or liquids separated from natural gas in gas processing plants (natural gas liquids).[1]. In the absence of more rapid policy intervention and behavioural changes, longer-term drivers of growth will continue to push up oil demand. Global demand for vegetable oils has increased rapidly over the last 50 years. In some cases, especially for European domestic markets, some substitution for rapeseed or sunflower seed oils could have a positive environmental impact even if it required using a bit more land. The authors of the original study make it clear that intact forest loss should not be confused with primary forest loss. In 2018, the federal government purchased the Kinder Morgan (NYSE:KMI) Trans Mountain pipeline for C$4.5 billion to ensure Canadian crude reaches market ports. [2] As of 2022, California produced 3% of the crude oil of the nation, behind Texas, New Mexico, North Dakota . Show Recessions IEA, World oil supply and demand, 1971-2020, IEA, Paris https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/world-oil-supply-and-demand-1971-2020, IEA. In 2018, the country made a slight recovery, producing 3,059,000 bpd; production fell again in 2019 to 3,017,000 bpd. Deforestation displaced: trade in forest-risk commodities and the prospects for a global forest transition. The volumes in the table do not include biofuel. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 115(1), 121-126. Palm oil is unique in its versatility, meaning it is suitable for a range of foods, cosmetics, industrial applications and biofuels. This study only looks at the Borneo region. Gaveau, D. L., Sheil, D., Salim, M. A., Arjasakusuma, S., Ancrenaz, M., Pacheco, P., & Meijaard, E. (2016). This is a change of 0.12% from last month and 3.48% from one year ago. Ocado, an online UK retailer is just one example. Help us do this work by making a donation. As weve discussed, substituting palm oil with alternatives can do more harm than good. Potapov, P., Hansen, M. C., Laestadius, L., Turubanova, S., Yaroshenko, A., Thies, C., & Esipova, E. (2017). What would be the impact of substituting palm oil? At the time, an expansion was estimated to cost another C$7.4 billion, after which the government would sell the project back to the private sector. In this article I address some key questions about palm oil production: how has it changed; where is it grown; and how this has affected deforestation and biodiversity. CALGARY - The Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers says it expects investment in oil and natural gas production in this country to hit $40 billion this year. Firstly, they measure forest loss, which combines both permanent deforestation (where trees do not regrow) and forest degradation (which is a temporary thinning of forests with subsequent regrowth). Nearly all of Canadas proven oil reserves are located in Alberta, and according to the provinces government, 97 percent of oil reserves there are in the form of oil sands. But there are a couple of caveats to these figures. Nigeria produces every year an . As mentioned, Saudi Arabia played a key role in OPECs decision to curb oil output back in 2020. Top 5 Canadian Oil and Gas Dividend Stocks in 2022. Crude oil is a naturally occurring mixture of hydrocarbon deposits and other organic materials that exists in liquid form in underground reservoirs. This is a change of 6.02% from one year ago. 1. Palm oil achieves very high yields relative to other oilcrops. Whatever the transition pathway, the oil and gas industry has an important role to play, and no energy company will be unaffected. 41% of people thought palm oil was environmentally unfriendly, compared to 15% for soybean oil; 9% for rapeseed; 5% for sunflower; and 2% for olive oil. It is crucial to invest in the upstream sector even during rapid transitions in which it would still take years to shift global transport fleets away from internal combustion engines to electric vehicles and other low-carbon alternatives. This will involve more concrete government policies and legislative action, as well as major behavioural changes. Securities Disclosure: I, Melissa Pistilli, hold no direct investment interest in any company mentioned in this article. Global oil demand, still reeling from the effects of the pandemic, is unlikely to catch up with its pre-Covid trajectory. So, even if all of these countries forests were wiped out by palm oil plantations, it would still make very little difference to this metric of global intact forest loss. Carlson, K. M., Heilmayr, R., Gibbs, H. K., Noojipady, P., Burns, D. N., Morton, D. C., & Kremen, C. (2018). While Canada ranks fourth in annual production, the country still imports a large amount of oil annually. However, we might argue that this oversimplifies the comparison to more temperate crops: it assumes the environmental impact of devoting one hectare of land for sunflower seeds in Europe is the same as cutting down tropical rainforests to grow palm or coconut plantations. This is now 35 times higher: in 2018 the world produced 71 million tonnes. Sharp drop in crude oil production in the United Kingdom. The pandemic has forced rapid changes in behaviour: from new working-from-home models to cuts in business and leisure air travel. Other emerging markets oil producers have potential to ramp up production, but the expected volume and destinations of exports, as well as whether production goals will be realised, remain to be seen.. Argentina is among the most promising, as its large-scale Vaca Muerte shale field comes on-line after years of development.The country's unconventional oil production reached 282,000 bpd in . Saudi Arabias oil output came in at 10,835,000 bpd in 2021. Its output increased by 266,000 bpd from its 2020 level to reach 18,875,000 bpd last year. With a rough estimate of 11,567,000 barrels per day, the United States is the top oil-producing country in the world, as it has been for many years. From each hectare of land, you can produce about 2.9 tonnes of palm oil. The US is the top producer of oil, but the country requires foreign imports to meet its increasing domestic demand. (eds.) MarketWatch provides the latest stock market, financial and business news. This is not the case for biofuels, yet two-thirds of the EUs imported palm oil goes to bioenergy production. Production has steadily increased over time, except in the 80s when production was lessened worldwide. Given these and other recent market events, many investors are curious to know which countries produce the most oil, and may be able to fill the gap if the west places further sanctions on Russia. - WSJ , Should You Invest in Oil and Gas Companies? 3. There are only two ways in which we can produce more of a given crop: increase yields (growing more on a given amount of land) or expand the amount of land we use to grow it. We can compare crops in terms of their yields how much oil we can produce from one hectare of land. One study suggests that palm oil is responsible for around 2% of global tree loss.6 Another suggests it is responsible for only 0.2% of intact forest loss.7 This seems very low. Indonesia and Malaysia account for 63% of global land use for palm. The top 10 countries with the highest crude oil production. When production rose dramatically in April of that year after Russias decision not to approve further cuts proposed by Saudi Arabia, the de facto OPEC leader responded by offering its product at a discount and producing more oil. A meta-analysis conducted by the Royal Academy of Engineering on EU biofuels found that when we factored in land-use change, the greenhouse gas emissions from palm oil were higher than using a petrol car.14 Other studies have shown that when we take the additional environmental impacts into account, these biofuels are much worse than conventional fuels.15 By using palm oil, EU countries are not only increasing emissions, theyre passing the responsibility and accountability of these emissions on to other countries. Minimising emissions from their core operations, notably methane, is an urgent priority. All the software and code that we write is open source and made available via GitHub under the permissive MIT license. Substitution in industrial processes would be more difficult, especially if we want to replace it with oils grown in temperate countries: sunflower or rapeseed oil is not suited to products such as soaps, detergents or cosmetics. Small amounts of palm oil are grown in many countries, but the global market is dominated by only two: Indonesia and Malaysia. 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Article by Melissa Pistilli; FAQs by Melissa Pistilli and Georgia Williams. Venezuela was way down the list, at #25 with 605,000 BPD. Oil production by region Oil production per capita Oil reserves Per capita CO2 emissions by fuel type Per capita CO2 emissions from coal Per capita CO2 emissions from gas Per capita CO2 emissions from oil Per capita energy consumption from coal Per capita fossil energy consumption vs. GDP per capita Per capita gas consumption But has this expansion came at the expense of tropical forest? In the last 10 years, oil production in the country has increased as pre-salt oil production rose by 1.6 million bpd from 2012 to 2019. World oil markets are rebalancing after the Covid 19 crisis spurred an unprecedented collapse in demand in 2020, but they may never return to normal. This seems like a simple question, but is not as straightforward as we might expect. Global crude oil output rose by less than 1% in 2021 after a 7.4% drop in 2020. 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