Speer in response used his propaganda expertise to display a new dynamism of the war economy. He continued to deny explicit knowledge of, and responsibility for the Holocaust. [136] Speer served a full term and was released at midnight on 1 October 1966. [20], Shortly after Hitler came into power, he began to make plans to rebuild the chancellery. FC Bayern Munich opens a new sports complex with a youth academy planned by AS+P. Speer cancelled some hours before take-off because the previous night he had been up late in a meeting with Hitler. [144] Wolters' friendship with Speer deteriorated and one year before Speer's death Wolters gave Matthias Schmidt access to the unedited Chronicle. [123] Wolters raised a total of DM158,000 for Speer over the final seventeen years of his sentence. [1] In 1944, Speer established a task force to increase production of fighter aircraft. [132] Willy Brandt was an advocate of his release,[133] putting an end to the de-Nazification proceedings against him,[134] which could have caused his property to be confiscated. In July1932, the Speers visited Berlin to help out the Party before the Reichstag elections. When asked by his Allied captors in 1945 to what extent German military strategy had been influenced by economic considerations, Albert Speer, Hitler's armaments minister, replied that in the case of OperationBarbarossathe need for oil was certainly a prime motive. Indeed, even during initial discussions of his plan to invade the Soviet Union, Hitler had stressed the absolute necessity of . I myself must carry this out. Speer's books were a success; the public was fascinated by an inside view of the Third Reich. by. He was credited with a dramatic increase in the shipment of arms that was widely reported as keeping Germany in the war. He used his writings from the time of imprisonment as the basis for two autobiographical books, Inside the Third Reich and Spandau: The Secret Diaries. The idea for this myth came to him after he recalled the panic when car fumes came through an air ventilation system. Speer joined the National Socialist Party in January 1931; he wrote "I was not choosing the NSDAP, but becoming a follower of Hitler, whose magnetic force had reached out to me the first time I saw him and had not, thereafter, released me." "[4] His brothers, Ernst and Hermann, bullied him throughout his childhood. [99][169], Speer maintained at the Nuremberg trials and in his memoirs that he had no direct knowledge of the Holocaust. I was searching for information about Ernst (?) These centered on a three-mile-long grand boulevard running from north to south, which Speer called the Prachtstrasse, or Street of Magnificence;[35] he also referred to it as the "NorthSouth Axis". In the letter, Speer says, "There is no doubtI was present as Himmler announced on October 6, 1943, that all Jews would be killed. An architect by training, Speer joined the Nazi Party in 1931. Though stockpiling of materials and other work continued, this slowed to a halt as more resources were needed for the armament industry. Hitler's cabinet was dismayed at his tactics, but, regardless, he was able to accumulate new responsibilities and more power. [57] Speer succeeded Todt not only as Reich Minister but in all his other powerful positions, including Inspector General of German Roadways, Inspector General for Water and Energy and Head of the Nazi Party's Office of Technology. By July 1943 Speer's armaments propaganda became irrelevant because a catalogue of dramatic defeats on the battlefield meant the prospect of losing the war could no longer be hidden from the German public. The journalist had unwittingly collaborated in one of his myths. [138] He said little, reserving most comments for a major interview published in Der Spiegel in November 1966. His father, who died in 1947, despised the Nazis and was silent upon meeting Hitler. Speer's illness coincided with the Allied "Big Week", a series of bombing raids on the German aircraft factories that were a devastating blow to aircraft production. Speer asked Wolters to destroy the material he had omitted from his donation but Wolters refused and retained an original copy. Progress was slow because fuel was rationed and Army Group A were given priority. - Han var ikke sdan en morfar, man sad p skdet af, og . The existing Berlin railroad termini were to be dismantled, and two large new stations built. Founded in 1999. [43] The building itself was hailed by Hitler as the "crowning glory of the greater German political empire". Secured early release from prison, became a media celebrity and successfully cultivated the "clean Speer" myth. [62], Speer was fted at the time, and in the post-war era, for performing an "armaments miracle" in which German war production dramatically increased. [139] Although he stated he hoped to resume an architectural career, his sole project, a collaboration for a brewery, was unsuccessful. bio je arhitekt i ministar naoruanja u nacistikoj Njemakoj. Feigned repentance at Nuremberg, saving his own neck. [101], By mid-March, Speer had accepted that Germany's economy would collapse within the next eight weeks. Speer liked the scenario so much that he wrote it into his memoirs. [40] Speer was involved virtually from the beginning. [131], Speer's supporters maintained calls for his release. [82] In mid-January 1944, Speer had a lung embolism and fell seriously ill. by PanzerKavallerie 27 Jul 2005, 16:15, Post Berthold Konrad Hermann Albert Speer, commonly known as Albert Speer (March 19, 1905 - September 1, 1981), was an architect, author and high-ranking Nazi German government official, sometimes called "the first architect of the Third Reich ." Speer, Albert (1905-81). [162], After Speer's death, Matthias Schmidt published a book that demonstrated that Speer had ordered the eviction of Jews from their Berlin homes. The building was able to hold 340,000 people. He was 76 years old. He had walked more than 30,000 kilometres (19,000mi), ending his sentence near Guadalajara, Mexico. [25] After the war, he claimed to have had little interest in politics at all and had joined almost by chance. [61] By April 1942, Speer had persuaded Gring to create a three-member Central Planning Board within the Four Year Plan, which he used to obtain supreme authority over procurement and allocation of raw materials and scheduling of production in order to consolidate German war production in a single agency. Hitler commissioned him to design and construct structures including the Reich Chancellery and the Nazi party rally grounds in Nuremberg. [55] At the same time, Hitler also appointed Speer as head of the Organisation Todt, a massive, government-controlled construction company. The rockets were researched at a facility in Peenemnde along with the V-1 flying bomb. There was no communication. [2] In 1918, the family leased their Mannheim residence and moved to a home they had in Heidelberg. House Albert Speer (4) Location: Take the road in front of the Gutshof back uphill to the Berghof. The Soviet Union, having demanded a death sentence at trial, was unwilling to entertain a reduced sentence. Unsubstantiated rumors have claimed that the remains were used for other building projects such as the Humboldt University, Mohrenstrae metro station and Soviet war memorials in Berlin. [77] By July 1943, he had gained control of armaments production for the Luftwaffe and Kriegsmarine. [127], Much of Speer's energy was dedicated to keeping fit, both physically and mentally, during his long confinement. Supposing politics to be irrelevant, he turned aside and built roads and bridges and factories, while the logical consequences of government by madmen emerged. body was never found or returned to the family and there are some Speer died of a stroke in 1981. In September 1945, he was told that he would be tried for war crimes, and several days later, he was moved to Nuremberg and incarcerated there. [1]:314320, Speer describes Wunderwaffen such as the Me 262 project, flying wing jet planes, a remote-controlled flying bomb, a rocket plane, a rocket missile based on infrared homing, designs for a four-motored jet bomber with the range to strike New York, and a torpedo based on sonar. Hosted by askropp and Frech. [93] He opposed the assassination attempt against Hitler on 20 July 1944. [60] Speer set out to gain control not just of armaments production in the army, but in the whole armed forces. This led to a significant German Army failure at the Battle of Prokhorovka, a major turning point on the Eastern Front against the Soviet Red Army. Speer described the personalities of many Nazi officials, including Joseph Goebbels, Hermann Gring, Heinrich Himmler, Rudolf Hess, Martin Bormann, and, of course, Hitler himself. [71] Speer and Sauckel cooperated closely to meet Speer's labor demands. Fordonsmklarna Blocket, Kpop Groups That Start With Y, Arbetsgivardeklaration Individuppgift, What Happened To Katelyn Thornley, Josh Kesselman Net Worth 2020, How To Install Samsung Notes On Huawei, Finland Immigration For Skilled Workers, Albert Speer Brother Stalingrad, Ambulanshelikopter Pilot Ln, Ortopediska Arbetsskor, Raskatter Omplacering, Ekonomi Och Redovisningsassistent . Berthold Konrad Hermann Albert Speer (/ p r /; German: [pe] (); 19 March 1905 - 1 September 1981) was a German architect who served as the Minister of Armaments and War Production in Nazi Germany during most of World War II.A close ally of Adolf Hitler, he was convicted at the Nuremberg trials and sentenced to 20 years in prison.. An architect by training, Speer joined the . His mother died in 1952. Instead, development turned to a "uranium motor", for use in the navy's submarines. He was acquitted on the other two counts. [52] Construction stopped on the Berlin and Nremberg plans at the outbreak of war. After serving. He set about extending his power and influence with unexpected ambition. This ignored military realities, as the German armed forces were unable to match the Allies' firepower and were facing total defeat. Sauckel had whole villages in France, Holland and Belgium forcibly rounded up and shipped to Speer's factories. At the end of July 1942, a lack of fuel brought Paulus to a halt at Kalach. It was only on the urgent advice of his publisher that he added a mention of seeing the ruins of the Central Synagogue in Berlin from his car. He agreed to expand Auschwitz and some other camps, allocating 13.7 million Reichsmarks for the work to be carried out. [99] In reality, he had sought to prolong the war until further resistance was impossible, thus contributing to the large number of deaths and the extensive destruction Germany suffered in the conflict's final months. By Dorothy . Through his autobiographies and interviews, Speer carefully constructed an image of himself as a man who deeply regretted having failed to discover the monstrous crimes of the Third Reich. Included in the building works was material to build gas chambers, crematoria and morgues. [68] Hitler was closely involved with the design of the tanks, but kept changing his mind about the specifications. Like many of those in power in the Third Reich, he was not an ideologue, "nor was he anything more than an instinctive anti-Semite. [34] Hitler ordered Speer to develop plans to rebuild Berlin. Yet each showed comparable increases in production despite not being under Speer's control. Men da Moritz Schramm var barn, var det et andet blik, han havde p morfaren. von Speer, Albert: und eine groe Auswahl hnlicher Bcher, Kunst und Sammlerstcke erhltlich auf AbeBooks.de. A brick factory was built near the Oranienburg concentration camp at Speer's behest; when someone commented on the poor conditions there, Speer stated, "The Yids got used to making bricks while in Egyptian captivity". [72] Hitler gave Sauckel a free hand to obtain labor, something that delighted Speer, who had requested 1,000,000 "voluntary" laborers to meet the need for armament workers. Berthold Konrad Hermann Albert Speer (/pr/; German: [pe] (listen); 19 March 1905 1 September 1981) was a German architect who served as the Minister of Armaments and War Production in Nazi Germany during most of World War II. Entrance to Spandau Prison, 1951. [159], Speer had carefully constructed an image of himself as an apolitical technocrat who deeply regretted having failed to discover the monstrous crimes of the Third Reich. [147], Speer made himself widely available to historians and other enquirers. The relationship was frowned upon by Speer's class-conscious mother, who felt the Webers were socially inferior. It began in 1932 but had not supplied any weaponry. [22] Speer quickly became part of Hitler's inner circle; he was expected to call on him in the morning for a walk or chat, to provide consultation on architectural matters, and to discuss Hitler's ideas. He also cites the use of the V-2 as a terror weapon, rather than continued development of the ground-to-air defensive Waterfall rocket. [65] Production of every type of weapon peaked in June and July 1944, but there was now a severe shortage of fuel. [59] Speer proved to be ambitious, unrelenting and ruthless. His formal title was changed on 2 September 1943, to "Reich Minister for Armaments and War Production". [78] In August 1943, he took control of most of the Ministry of Economics, to become, in Admiral Dnitz's words, "Europe's economic dictator". [13], In mid-1922, Speer began courting Margarete (Margret) Weber (19051987), the daughter of a successful craftsman who employed 50 workers. [48] He also said: " en route to my ministry on the city highway, I could see crowds of people on the platform of nearby Nikolassee Railroad Station. While dozens of submarines were built, few ever entered service. Albert was active in sports, taking up skiing and mountaineering. [173] In 2005, The Daily Telegraph reported that documents had surfaced indicating that Speer had approved the allocation of materials for the expansion of Auschwitz concentration camp after two of his assistants inspected the facility on a day when almost a thousand Jews were massacred. The SS called this "Professor Speer's Special Programme". Albert Speer, (born March 19, 1905, Mannheim, Baden, Germanydied September 1, 1981, London, England), German architect who was Adolf Hitler's chief architect (1933-45) and minister for armaments and war production (1942-45). Ignored his parents' request to use his position to bring home his brother from Stalingrad. William. Ernst Speer. Albert Speer ( 19. bezna 1905 Mannheim - 1. z 1981 Londn ), celm jmnem Berthold Konrad Hermann Albert Speer, byl hlavn architekt Adolfa Hitlera a pozdji ministr zbrojnho a vlenho prmyslu nacistickho Nmecka. At the southern end of the avenue, a great triumphal arch, almost 400 feet (120m) high and able to fit the Arc de Triomphe inside its opening, was planned. He coveted control of the production of armaments for the Luftwaffe and Kriegsmarine as well. August 1, 2017. He has risen to the top of the . he is one of Germany's top architects. However, his other brother Ernst had died in the Battle of Stalingrad, despite repeated requests from his parents for Speer to repatriate him. In response, Hitler appointed Fritz Sauckel as a "manpower dictator" to obtain new workers. [98] Nevertheless, Speer believed that Germany should continue the war for as long as possible with the goal of winning better conditions from the Allies than the unconditional surrender they insisted upon. [102][103] Hitler rejected Speer's proposal to cease demolitions. However Speer secured Hitler's support, and on 1 March 1942, Gring signed a decree naming Speer "General Plenipotentiary for Armament Tasks" in the Four Year Plan. [109] Speer was disappointed that Hitler had not selected him as his successor. [164] Even so, public perceptions of Speer did not change substantially until Heinrich Breloer aired a biographical film on TV in 2004. Trevor-Roper who calls Speer an administrative genius whose basic instincts were peaceful and constructive does take Speer to task, however, for his failure to recognize the immorality of Hitler and Nazism, calling him "the real criminal of Nazi Germany":[161], For ten years he sat at the very centre of political power; his keen intelligence diagnosed the nature and observed the mutations of Nazi government and policy; he saw and despised the personalities around him; he heard their outrageous orders and understood their fantastic ambitions; but he did nothing. A dramatization of the life of Albert Speer (Rutger Hauer), Adolf Hitler's (Sir Derek Jacobi's) young architect and one-time confidant, and his meteoric rise into the Nazi hierarchy. The relationship will always amaze. Albert Speer, Germany Architect. Finally, Speer states, "Because I failed at the time, I still feel, to this day, responsible for Auschwitz in a wholly personal sense. This criticism is mainly presented by the documentary film "Speer Goes to Hollywood" by the director Vanessa Lapa. At the end of 1933, he contracted Paul Troost to renovate the entire building. In the aftermath of the Night of the Long Knives, he had been commissioned to renovate the Borsig Palace on the corner of Vostrae and Wilhelmstrae as headquarters of the Sturmabteilung (SA). Fun facts: before fame, family life, popularity rankings, and more. His father, the son and grandson of architects, had joined the Nazi party in 1931 and soon . Speer, Jr., an eighty-two-year-old with a perennially serious expression and a fondness for energetic hand motions, is one of Germany's best-known urban planners. letters that exist between ernst and the parents which he wrote and Russia in the battle for Stalingrad. [73] Sauckel obtained new workers often using the most brutal methods. He was charged with planning for war, planning a war of aggression, crimes against peace and crimes against humanity. From 1946 to 1966, while serving the sentence in Spandau Prison, he penned more than 2,000 manuscript pages of personal memoirs. For the television film based on the book, see, :55,71,7879,83,105,115116,138,188,651,674,696, Sarah Word from the British film magazine ", Reich Ministry of Armaments and War Production, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Inside_the_Third_Reich&oldid=1132240858, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2022, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 7 January 2023, at 23:15. Albert Speer was a German architect who is known in the history as 'the man who built Nazi Germany' and also 'the Nazi who said sorry' for accepting moral responsibility of the atrocities his Nazi party committed. The cylinder is now a protected landmark and is open to the public. [1]:488498,569, Speer's involvement with concentration camp prisoners as a work force came about when Hitler agreed to Himmler's proposal they be used for the secret V-2 project. After August 1944, oil from the Romanian fields was no longer available. Albert Speer was a close confidant of Hitler, and the Third Reich's most celebrated architect. The oldest brother turned into a thorn in his youger brother He later published a work about Himmler and the SS which has been published in English as The Slave State: Heinrich Himmler's Masterplan for SS Supremacy or Infiltration: How Heinrich Himmler Schemed to Build an SS Industrial Empire (in German, Der Sklavenstaat - Meine Auseinandersetzung mit der SS). Albert Speer, l'architetto prediletto da Hitler, venne accusato per la deportazione e lo sfruttamento dei civili europei. [69], As head of Organisation Todt, Speer was directly involved in the construction and alteration of concentration camps. [32], On 30 January 1937, Hitler appointed Speer as General Building Inspector for the Reich Capital. He originally wanted to become a mathematician, but his father advised against the wish, suggesting that he would "lead a life without money, without a position, and . By Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie. - London, Anglia, 1981. szeptember 1.) Po vlce byl bhem Norimberskho procesu odsouzen jako vlen zloinec ke 20 letm vzen. Der er bare lige den hage ved Moritz Schramms morfar, at han var den kendte topnazist Albert Speer fra Hitlers inderkreds, og at han i dag anses for at vre en af Anden Verdenskrigs helt store forbrydere. During his life, he worked on redesigning city centers of . Many more buildings were planned. He was the second of three sons of Luise Mthilde Wilhelmine (Hommel) and Albert Friedrich Speer. [148] In October 1973, he made his first trip to Britain, flying to London to be interviewed on the BBC Midweek programme. In February 1942, Speer was appointed as Reich Minister of Armaments and War Production. [85] The growth, however, consisted in large part of models that were becoming obsolescent and proved easy prey for Allied aircraft. [177] He produced spectacular statistics, claiming a sixfold increase in munitions production, a fourfold increase in artillery production, and he sent further propaganda to the newsreels of the country. By Thomas Rogers 23 May 2017 Discussions on the personalities of the Wehrmacht and of the organizations not covered in the other sections. It is primarily based on the memoirs of Gertraud "Traudl" Junge ( Alexandra Maria Lara ), one of Hitler's secretaries, and is one of the most accurate portrayals of the last, desperate days of the Third Reich and its effects on the Fhrer, his closest aides, and ordinary Germans. Showing 28 distinct works. The journalist described an invented scenario in which Speer had refused Hitler's orders and Hitler had left with tears in his eyes. [177], The armaments "miracle" was a myth; Speer had used statistical manipulation to support his claims. The public was fascinated by an inside view of the Third Reich and a major war criminal became a popular figure almost overnight. albert speers younger brother ernst was killed at Stalingrad In 1944, this became endemic; over half a million workers were arrested. Speer studied at the technical schools in Karlsruhe, Munich, and Berlin, and acquired an architectural license in 1927. The book also shows a photograph from 1943, of . [123], In 1949, Wolters opened a bank account for Speer and began fundraising among those architects and industrialists who had benefited from Speer's activities during the war. It was for the maltreatment of these people, that Speer was principally convicted at the Nuremberg Trials. Speer was formally arrested on May 23rd. Then it was too late; Germany had been destroyed. A groundbreaking 26-part documentary series narrated by the actor Laurence Olivier about the deadliest conflict in history, World War II. A speech by Albert Speer (there is an account of this speech in Albert Speer, Erinnerungen [Berlin, 1969], p. 325) was followed by speeches of his deputies: Willy Schliecker, the expert on American rearmament; Walther Rohland, the head of Panzer production; Karl Frydag, who was in charge of aircraft building; and Otto Merker, who was . [90] By this time, 140,000 people were working in Speer's underground factories. While they were there his friend, Nazi Party official Karl Hanke recommended the young architect to Joseph Goebbels to help renovate the Party's Berlin headquarters. Son of Albert Friedrich Speer and Luise Mathilde Wilhelmine (Hommel) Speer. The designs were rushed into production, and the completed submarines were crippled by flaws which resulted from the way they had been constructed. Its aim was to ensure the preservation and growth of fighter aircraft production. Four years into their relationship, in September 1981, Speer died. [5], Another kind of criticism is the claim that Speer pretended that he was unaware of the extermination camps and presented the figure of a "good Nazi". Initially, the funds were used only to support Speer's family, but increasingly the money was used for other purposes. Under his leadership, the Nazis implemented a brutal regime of slave labour in armaments factories across Germany. [43] The Schutzstaffel (SS) built two concentration camps in 1938 and used the inmates to quarry stone for its construction. After he failed to do so, his father gave him a part-time job as manager of his properties. [28], One of Speer's first commissions after Troost's death was the Zeppelinfeld stadium in Nuremberg. An upcoming BBC documentary is set to highlight the remarkable story of Albert Goering the brother of Nazi minister and air force chief Hermann Goering who is said to have saved hundreds of. (Black and white photographs from Albert Speer: His Battle With Truth by Gitta Sereny, published by Picador) To date, the foundation has given more than 500,000 in grants to more than 100 Jewish women for projects. the eldest went to visit his brother while in spandau prison and He took a role in that short-lived regime as Minister of Industry and Production. Speer was born in Mannheim, Germany on March 19, 1905, to Luise and Albert. Speer was loyal to Hitler, and his experience building prisoner of war camps and other structures for the military qualified him for the job. For the record, Ernst Speer is discussed at p. 336 in Beevor's "Stalingrad" (Penguin 2007), The Dieter Zinke Axis Biographical Research Section, Life in the Third Reich & Weimar Republic, Kriegsmarine surface ships and Kriegsmarine in general, Luftwaffe air units and Luftwaffe in general, German Strategy & General German Military Discussion, NSDAP, other party organizations & Government, The Dieter Zinke Axis Biographical Research Section, The Ron Klages Panzer & other vehicles Section, Panzer & other vehicles - Photo threads, Axis Documents, Feldpost numbers, Postcards & Other Paper Items, The United Kingdom & its Empire and Commonwealth 1919-45, The Allies and the Neutral States in general, German Colonies and Overseas Expeditions, The end of the Ottoman Empire 1908-1923, Translation help: Breaking the Sound Barrier. Used for other purposes at a facility in Peenemnde along with the design of the organizations not in! 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