Number of followers estimated by Countrymeters The data is given as of 1st of January of an year. The rock art of Aboriginal Australians is the longest continuously practiced artistic tradition in the world. Australia (59.82%) Papua New Guinea (20.67%) New Zealand (11.51%) Fiji (2.18%) Solomon Islands (1.48%) Vanuatu (0.70%) New Caledonia (0.69%) French Polynesia (0.69%) Other (2.26%) See also [ edit] List of Eurasian countries by population The continent of Oceaniacovers the territorial set of fourteen different countries, which are: Australia, New Zealand, the Federated States of Micronesia, Fiji, Kiribati, Nauru, the Marshall Islands, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, the Solomon Islands, Tonga , Tuvalu and Vanuatu. [403], Australia is also known for its cafe and coffee culture in urban centres. This continent, the smallest on the planet, is located south of thePacific Ocean, west of theIndian Oceanand southeast ofthe Asian continent. [175][176] The UN further define the subregion as including Australia's Indian Ocean external territory Heard Island and McDonald Islands. It is thought that by roughly 1400 BCE,[203] "Lapita Peoples", so-named after their pottery tradition, appeared in the Bismarck Archipelago of north-west Melanesia. [280] In the tropical western Pacific, the monsoon and the related wet season during the summer months contrast with dry winds in the winter which blow over the ocean from the Asian landmass. | The Interpreter", "Whole-Genome Genetic Diversity in a Sample of Australians with Deep Aboriginal Ancestry", "A genomic history of Aboriginal Australia", "The Historical Development of Christianity in Oceania", "BMR Cruise 107: Seabed Morphology and Offshore Resources around Christmas Island, Indian Ocean", "Conservation values in Commonwealth waters of the Christmas and Cocos (Keeling) Island remote Australian territories", "Christmas Island Australia's Gem In The Indian Ocean", "Christmas & Cocos Keeling Islands Birding Guide", Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development, "Cocos (Keeling) Islands - The World Factbook", "Climate And Seasons Blue Japan en franais", "An Aboriginal Australian Genome Reveals Separate Human Dispersals into Asia", "Sequencing Uncovers a 9,000 Mile Walkabout", "Aboriginal Australians descend from the first humans to leave Africa, DNA sequence reveals", "When did Australia's earliest inhabitants arrive? The first migration of Australo-Melanesians took place c. 40 to 80 thousand years ago, and these migrants, Papuans, colonised much of Near Oceania. The highest increase in Australia was recorded in 1971 with 3.44 percent. [94] In his 1846 book A Universal Pronouncing Gazetteer, author Thomas Baldwin wrote that Oceania includes Australia and Pacific islands which "are considered, from their proximity, not to belong to the continents of Asia or America." This has contributed $1 billion or more to Fiji's economy since 1995, but the Government of Fiji likely underestimates these figures due to the invisible economy inside the tourism industry. These territories and regions are subject to various additional categorisations, depending on the source and purpose of each description. Oceania is a collective name for the islands scattered throughout most of the Pacific Ocean. According to the Act of Papua Autonomy (Undang-Undang Otonomi Khusus bagi Provinsi Papua) section 2 verse 2, the province itself has its own flag and arms, similar to other provinces. [393][394] The divergence and evolution that has occurred in the ensuing centuries has resulted in a distinctive Australian culture. Collaborative Research Group (CRG) USA 2016 - 2023, All Rights Reserved. [391] Politics of Tonga takes place in a framework of a constitutional monarchy, whereby the King of Tonga is the Head of State. The main continental landmass of Oceania is Australia. ", "Neurologic Diseases in Tropical Oceania", "NZ and Australia: Big Brothers or Distant Cousins? There are thus six great divisions of the earth Europe, Asia, Africa, North America, South America and Oceania. The largest and most populous dependency is the French dependency of New Caledonia, which has a land area of 18,280 km 2, and a population of approximately 287,000. The largest and most populous nation in Oceania is Australia, and the biggest city is Sydney. They are now often referred to as Maritime Southeast Asia, with Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines and Singapore being founding members of the ASEAN regional organization for Southeast Asia in 1967 (Brunei and East Timor did not exist as independent nations at that point). It is extremely rare at sea level in the North Island. While 75% of the population lives in cities, 25% of oceanic people live in the countryside. For all other years: latest year annual percentage change equivalent assuming homogeneous change in the preceding five year period, calculated through reverse compounding. At around the same time, art began to appear in New Guinea, including the earliest examples of sculpture in Oceania. The Pacific theatre saw major action during the Second World War, mainly between Allied powers the United States, Philippines (a U.S. Commonwealth at the time) and Australia, and Axis power Japan. Urban Pop % : Urban population as a percentage of total population. In 1905 the British government transferred some administrative responsibility over south-east New Guinea to Australia (which renamed the area "Territory of Papua"); and in 1906, transferred all remaining responsibility to Australia. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. It notes that, "the term [has] also come under scrutiny by many geographers. Australia and New Zealand were grouped together by Flick as Australasia, and categorized as being in the same area of the world as the islands of Oceania. Another dance performed by males is called the fa'ataupati or the slap dance, creating rhythmic sounds by slapping different parts of the body. [157] New Zealand was originally settled by the Polynesian Mori, and has long maintained a political influence over the subregion. The total population of Oceania minus mainland Australia is about 18 million. [444][445] Fiji's sevens team is one of the most successful in the world, as is New Zealand's. Australia and New Guinea have importantmining deposits that allowheavy industryandmetals, while New Zealand takes advantage of its lakes for the generation of hydroelectric power, thus promoting its industrialization. The Pacific Games (formerly known as the South Pacific Games) is a multi-sport event, much like the Olympics on a much smaller scale, with participation exclusively from countries around the Pacific. [195], Micronesia began to be settled several millennia ago, although there are competing theories about the origin and arrival of the first settlers. "[142] The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Place Names (2017), by John Everett-Heath, states that Oceania is "a collective name for more than 10,000 islands in the Pacific Ocean" and that "it is generally accepted that Indonesia, Japan, the Philippines, Taiwan, and the islands north of Japan (the Kurils and Aleutians) are excluded. [364] As of 2015[update], Honolulu was ranked high on world livability rankings, and was also ranked as the 2nd safest city in the U.S.[365][366]. [126] The book defined Oceania's major subregions as being Australia, Indonesia (which included all areas associated with the Malay archipelago), Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia. The 1960 constitution, which formally came into force with independence from New Zealand in 1962, builds on the British pattern of parliamentary democracy, modified to take account of Samoan customs. With regards to Papuan influence, autochthonous haplogroups support the hypothesis of a long history in Near Oceania, with some lineages suggesting a time depth of 60 thousand years. Items of great cultural value include the finely woven 'ie toga. Today the continenthas a series of independent countries, some of them since the 19th century (the British colonies, above all) and others much later, in the mid-20th century. [269] Native to Australia, New Guinea and proximate islands are birds of paradise, honeyeaters, Australasian treecreeper, Australasian robin, kingfishers, butcherbirds, and bowerbirds. [53][54] In a 1991 article for the Submerged Resources Center, American archeologist Toni L. Carrell wrote, "the immensity of and great distances within the Pacific Basin often make it difficult to conceptualize the basin as a single earth feature." Further excluded are East Timor and Indonesian New Guinea/Western New Guinea, areas which are biogeographically or geologically associated with the Australian landmass. United Nations projections are also included through the year 2100. In the Galpagos group also more than half of the species are of local origin. A company of Australians and a British warship besieged the Germans and their colonial subjects, ending with a German surrender. "Decoding Pearl Harbor", in. Population of Oceania. [228], Oceania is one of eight terrestrial biogeographic realms, which constitute the major ecological regions of the planet. [13], The first settlers of Australia, New Guinea, and the large islands just to the east arrived more than 60,000 years ago. The population of Australia in 2022 was 26,177,413, a 0.99% increase from 2021. Semiarid / steppe The Oceania is the continent least populated in the world, with a population density of 5hab./km. Flick estimated this definition of Oceania had a population of 70,000,000, and commented that, "brown and yellow races constitute the vast majority" and that the minority of whites were mainly "owners and rulers". Tropical 4. Tonga. Inhabitants of New Caledonia are French citizens and carry French passports. [180] The 1985 edition of the South Pacific Handbook also groups the Galpagos Islands as being in Polynesia, while noting that they are not culturally a part of the subregion. [60][61][62][63][64][65][66], The United Nations (UN) has used its own geopolitical definition of Oceania since its foundation in 1947, which utilizes four of the five subregions from the 19th century; Australasia, Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia. Since 1788, the primary influence behind Australian culture has been Anglo-Celtic Western culture, with some Indigenous influences. The most multicultural areas in Oceania, which have a high degree of immigration, are Australia, New Zealand, and Hawaii. Webster broke Oceania up into two subdivisions; the continental group, which included Australia, the Japanese archipelago, the Malay archipelago and Taiwan, and the oceanic group, which included New Zealand and the islands of Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia. As recently as 33,000 years ago no human beings lived in the region, except in Australasia. The governor and lieutenant governor oversee twenty agencies and departments from offices in the State Capitol. Portuguese navigators, between 1512 and 1526, reached the Maluku Islands (by Antnio de Abreu and Francisco Serro in 1512), Timor, the Aru Islands (Martim A. Melo Coutinho), the Tanimbar Islands, some of the Caroline Islands (by Gomes de Sequeira in 1525), and west Papua New Guinea (by Jorge de Menezes in 1526). "[136] In the Pacific Ocean Handbook (1945), author Eliot Grinnell Mears claimed, "it is customary to exclude the Aleutians of the North Pacific, the American coastal islands and the Netherlands East Indies", and that he included Australia and New Zealand in Oceania for "scientific reasons; Australia's fauna is largely continental in character, New Zealand's are clearly insular; and neither Commonwealth realm has close ties with Asia. For all other years: average annual numerical change over the preceding five year period. Many remain preliterate and, at the national or international level, the names of tribes and information about them is extremely hard to obtain. In the 2013 book The Environments of the Poor in Southeast Asia, East Asia and the Pacific, Paul Bullen critiqued the definition of Oceania in Encyclopedia of Islands, and wrote that since Koppers included areas such as Vancouver Island, it is "not clear what the referents of 'Pacific Region', 'Oceania' or 'Pacific Islands' are." [425], The artistic creations of native Oceanians varies greatly throughout the cultures and regions. [128][129], Ian Todd's 1974 book Island Realm: A Pacific Panorama also defines oceanic Latin American islands as making up a Spanish language segment of Oceania, and included the Desventuradas Islands, Easter Island, the Galpagos Islands, Guadalupe Island, the Juan Fernndez Islands, the Revillagigedo Islands and Salas y Gmez. From 1527 to 1595 a number of other large Spanish expeditions crossed the Pacific Ocean, leading to the arrival in Marshall Islands and Palau in the North Pacific, as well as Tuvalu, the Marquesas Islands, the Solomon Islands archipelago, the Cook Islands, and the Admiralty Islands in the South Pacific. Countries in Oceania The following are countries that are included in the broad definition of Oceania, with their corresponding population and capitals. It is flanked by the Indian Ocean to the west and the Southern Ocean to the south. "[95], Charles Marion Tyler's 1885 book The Island World of the Pacific Ocean considered Oceania to ethnographically encompass Australia, New Zealand, the Malay archipelago and the islands of Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia. Updates? These divisions [are] generally themselves spoken as continents, and to them has been added another, embracing the large island of Australia and numerous others in the [Pacific] Ocean, under the name of Oceania. The Population and Public Health Branch ensures that core public health . Oceania ranks number 6 among regions of the world (roughly equivalent to "continents"), ordered by population. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. [259], The aptly named Pacific kingfisher is found in the Pacific Islands,[261] as is the Red-vented bulbul,[262] Polynesian starling,[263] Brown goshawk,[264] Pacific Swallow[265] and the Cardinal myzomela, among others. "[32] Scottish geographer John Bartholomew wrote in 1873 that, "the New World consists of North America, and the peninsula of South America attached to it. Cultures and regions are subject to various additional categorisations, depending on the planet is... At sea level in the Galpagos Group also more than half of the population lives in cities 25. 228 ], Australia is about 18 million is Australia, New Zealand was originally settled by Indian! 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